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Blood

Blood. With O 2. Without O 2. Physical Characteristics. Color – depends on oxygen content Bright red – high oxygen, arteries Dark red – low oxygen, veins Viscosity – 5x as viscous as water pH – slightly alkaline (7.35-7.45) Temperature - ~100o F Volume – 4-5L in Females, 5-6L in Males

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Blood

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  1. Blood

  2. With O2 Without O2 Physical Characteristics • Color – depends on oxygen content • Bright red – high oxygen, arteries • Dark red – low oxygen, veins • Viscosity – 5x as viscous as water • pH – slightly alkaline (7.35-7.45) • Temperature - ~100o F • Volume – 4-5L in Females, 5-6L in Males why is it slightly higher than body temp?

  3. Functions • Distribution – gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes, heat • Regulation – • Body fluid volume • Body fluid pH • Body Temperature • Electrolyte levels • Protection– from pathogens & blood loss Blood OK  Interstitial Fluid OK  Cells OK

  4. Components • Plasma – non-living fluid matrix (~55% of whole blood) 90% Water 10% dissolved substances (gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes • Formed elements – living cells • Erythrocytes – red blood cells • (~45% of whole blood) • Leukocytes – white blood cells • Platelets – fragments of cells • (“The Buffy Coat” - together <1% of whole blood)

  5. Hematocrit- the % Erythrocytes in blood

  6. Erythrocytes Function – transport Oxygen to cells Characteristics – • Small – 4-6 million/mm3 of blood • Biconcave • Anucleate • No organelles • Stuffed with hemoglobin – protein that transports O2 • ~ 250 million/ cell • Life span is 100-120 days • Produced in the bone marrow

  7. Its Structure Complements its Function! • Its small size and biconcave shape provide a HUGE surface area for gas exchange. • Discounting the water content, its >97% hemoglobin, which carries the oxygen. • No mitochondria. It generates its own ATP anaerobically so it doesn’t use the oxygen its carrying

  8. Homeostatic Imbalances • Anemia – a decrease in the amount of oxygen carried by the blood • Lower than normal RBC count • Abnormal hemoglobin content in the RBC’s • Sickle Cell Anemia – when [oxygen] is low, it becomes crescent-shaped • Rupture easy • Block blood vessels • Interfere with oxygen delivery • Pain • Individuals have a better chance of surviving malaria

  9. Leukocytes Function – defense against disease Characteristics – • Have nuclei and organelles • No hemoglobin • Produced in bone marrow • Travel in bloodstream • Perform diapedesis– leave blood to enter lymph organs or other tissues

  10. Types of Leukocytes Granulocytes – contain granules • Neutrophils • Most numerous WBC (~60%) • Multi-lobed nucleus • Pale lilac granules • Function – kill bacteria • Eosinophils • ~3% of WBC • Bi-lobed nucleus • Reddish granules • Function – kill parasitic worms

  11. Basophils • <1% of WBC • Dark blue granules • Function – inflammatory response Agranulocytes – lack granules • Lymphocytes • ~30% of WBC • 1 large purple nucleus • 2 Types • T-Lymphocytes (T-Cells) – control the immune respone • B-Lymphocytes (B-Cells) – secrete antibodies

  12. Monocytes • ~6% of WBC • Pale, U-shaped nucleus • Largest WBC • Become macrophages – “cell eaters” In order of abundance: Never Let Monkey’s Eat Bananas

  13. What can you find in this picture?

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