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Progress and Challenges: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009

Progress and Challenges: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 April 15, 2014. Review of progress and challenges of RTE Act, 2009. I nstitutional capacity to implement RTE Quality of education and the Right to Learn

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Progress and Challenges: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009

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  1. Progress and Challenges: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 April 15, 2014

  2. Review of progress and challenges of RTE Act, 2009 • Institutional capacity to implement RTE • Quality of education and the Right to Learn • Extension of RTE to cover pre-school and secondary education

  3. Institutional capacity to implement RTE

  4. Institutional capacity to implement RTE • Government of India has revised the Framework of Implementation for Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) to align with the provisions of the RTE Act • System strengthening : • All states/UTs • Notified • State rules • Academic authority • Issued guidelines on : • No detention • No corporal punishment • No board examination up to elementary level • Banning private tuition • Banning screening procedure and capitation fee • Special Training • Constitution of SCPCR/REPA – 32 states/UTs (Chandigarh and Lakshadweep remain) • Local authority notified – 27 states/UTs • Grievance redress mechanism - 20 states/UTs

  5. Financial provisions for SSA in union budget Trends 2009-10 to 2014-15 (Rs. in crore) Approved outlay V/S Budget allocation (2010-11 to 2013-14) (Rs. in crore) (Central Govt. share) Shortfall Rs. 26,505 crore • Budget allocation for SSA increased from Rs. 12,825.44 crore in 2009-10 to Rs. 27,758 crore in 2014-15 which is more than twice of 2009-10 allocation. Source : Union Budget 2011-12 to 2014-15 • Nearly 77% of the budget was allocated during 2010-11 to 2013-14 as compared to approved for RTE-SSA implementation for the same period

  6. Access and Equity • All states/UTs have defined norms for neighbourhood as per Section 6 of RTE Act • New educational facilities such as new schools, residential schools were provided and transport facilities were also provided to improve access Increase in enrolment • Enrolment at elementary level increased from 187.86 million in year 2009-10 to 199.71 million in year 2012-13. • Total 11.85 million enrolment increased and majority of them are from disadvantage social groupsand girls Share in increased enrolment by social groups Share in increased enrolment by gender

  7. Infrastructure facility Source : DISE 2009-10 and U-DISE , 12-13 • Percentage of schools having separate toilet for boys, separate toilet for girls, kitchen shed and ramp significantly improved between 2009-10 to 2012-13 • About one third schools still do not have classrooms as per norms, separate toilet for boys, kitchen shed, play ground and boundary wall

  8. Percentage of schools having separate toilet for girls Percentage of schools having separate toilet for girls increased from 58.32% in 2009-10 to 88.32% in 2012-13 (Increased by 29.50 % points) Increase in % of schools having girls toilet (in % points) during 2009-10 and 2012-13 States/UTs where increase recorded more than 40% points during 2009-10 and 2012-13 Source : DISE 2009-10 and U-DISE , 12-13

  9. Percentage of schools having separate toilet for girls, 2012-13 States where separate toilet for girls is still a challenge Percentage of schools having separate toilet for girls by districts Source : U-DISE , 12-13

  10. Quality of education and the Right to Learn

  11. Round-table on Enhancing Teaching and Learning • Urgency to establish a learning goal and not focusing only on assessment but also equally on the context and processes of learning • Teacher at the centre and their support systems • Primacy on developing language and numeracy skills • Need for clarity of purpose of assessment whether large-scale assessments or continuous comprehensive evaluation in order to follow-up with the appropriate corrective action • Large scale assessment should be accompanied by smaller classroom based studies to analyse why learning levels are low

  12. Quality of Education: Translating policy into practice • Right to Education Act , 2009: • Learning in a child friendly and child centred manner • Professionally qualified teachers, prescribed PTR and duties of teacher • Section 29, Curriculum and Completion of Elementary Education (e.g. mother tongue instruction, CCE) • 2005 National Curriculum Framework • Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017) : • Clear shift in strategy from a focus on inputs, increasing access and enrolment to teaching–learning process • Provision for child-friendly schools and systems in teaching and learning processes • Strong focus on learning outcomes

  13. Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR), 2012-13 States where PTR is still high PTR by districts Source : U-DISE , 12-13

  14. Teacher Source : DISE 2009-10 and U-DISE , 12-13 • Percentage of schools having PTR as per norms improved • Contractual teachers having professional qualification improved • More than one fourth schools still do not have teachers as per norms and 46% contractual teachers still do not have professional qualification

  15. National average performance by abilities, NAS, NCERT, 2012-13 Language abilities Mathematical abilities Source : NAS class-3, NCERT, 2013 • 59% students were able to read a passage and interpret meanings from it • Almost 60% students were able to do questions on division and place value

  16. Extension of RTE to cover preschool and secondary education

  17. RTE extension to Preschool Education (PSE) Rate of return to Human Capital Investment at different ages • Lack of preparedness of children for school is a contributing factor to the high dropout in the first few years of primary schooling • Early Child Development programmes effects on the academic and social preparedness of children for formal schooling (difference of 15–20 per cent in retention and achievement levels) Source : Heckman, 2007 • High-quality early childhood education may have the highest long-term returns in terms of improved human development

  18. RTE extension to Secondary Education • More years of education yield long-term impact for not only adolescent boys and girls, but also for their families. This is especially true for girls’ education. Under five mortality rate % of underweight children Total Fertility Rate Teenage pregnancy Source : NFHS-3, 2005-06

  19. Best Practices About 7 lakh untrained teachers are being trained through Distance Education Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and 9 other states Activity Based Learning ABL started in Tamil Nadu and ABL models are now in over 13 states, including Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, reaching over 10 million children

  20. Way forward • Sharing of best practice across states • Strengthened institutions and governance to accelerate meeting targets in light of RTE 2015 deadline • From Right of Access to Education to Right to Learn • Extension of RTE to cover pre-school and secondary education

  21. Discussion

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