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The Other Treaties

The Other Treaties. St. Germain , Trianon , Neuilly, Sevres/Lausanne. Treaty of St. Germain | Austria. Allies regarded Austria as the successor state of Austria-Hungary, and punished alongside Germany

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The Other Treaties

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  1. The Other Treaties St. Germain, Trianon, Neuilly, Sevres/Lausanne

  2. Treaty of St. Germain | Austria • Allies regarded Austria as the successor state of Austria-Hungary, and punished alongside Germany • Agreeing to this treaty was like Austria admitting defeat, admitting their empire was broken up, and recognizing loss of territory • Czechoslovakia was to be separated from them • Additional loss of territory to Italy meant loss of population: a decline of 15 million people • Forbidden to join alliances without LoN permission • Would have to pay reparations—(but bank collapsed in 1922 and Austria never made a single payment) • Austrian army reduced to 30,000

  3. Treaty of Trianon | Hungary • Received similar level of blame as Austria • Supposed to pay reparations, but never did • Loss of Hungarian territory—2/3 loss of land, 42% of population • Several groups came under foreign rule despite the idea of self-determination • But was it even possible to apply self-determination here? See Source B-map • One of the reasons for loss of territory was to keep Russia from the Dardanelles… security over self-determination?

  4. Treaty of Neuilly | Bulgaria • Bulgaria had joined the Central Powers in 1915, treated as a defeated power in Paris • Land was taken on borders to prevent access to Aegean Sea, and to change borders with Yugoslavia • Army size restricted • Received (!) part of Turkey • Allies were concerned about Bulgaria’s potential dominance in a highly weakened area

  5. Treaty of Sevres | Turkey • Main outcomes: divided the Ottoman Empire into new parts & weakened it like Germany, honored the Balfour Declaration and Sykes-Picot, put the Dardanelles in international hands • The Ottoman Sultan remained the official ruler, but like Germany in Versailles: • his army was reduced, • no control on major ports, • vulnerable to internal challenges and • dependent on the west

  6. Treaty of Sevres

  7. Treaty of Lausanne • Turkish nationalists fought for an independent Turkey, drove out minorities, established a new government under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk • He refused to recognize the Treaty and wanted a new one… • A remarkable turnaround—recognized the Republic of Turkey instead of all the tiny states created by Sevres • Dardanelle Straits remain under international control • Border between Turkey and Iraq to be decided later

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