S&T Strategies Vision 2023 ( a project to build a science and technology vision for Turkey )

1. S&T Strategies Vision 2023(a project to build a science and technology vision for Turkey)

2. Content • National Science, Technology and Innovation System • Vision 2023 Project • A New Attempts in Turkish S&T Activities (2004- ) and Impact of Vision 2023

3. Turkish National Science, Technology and Innovation System President of Republic Prime Minister SCST MEB STB YÖK DPT TÜBA TÜBİTAK Universities DIE DTM KOSGEB TPE TOBB TTGV TSE TÜRKAK R&D Institutions SCST- Supreme Council of Science and Technology STB- Minister of Industry and Trade MEB- Ministry of National Education TÜBİTAK- The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey YÖK- Higher Education Council (YÖK) TÜBA- The Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA) DPT- State Planning Organization TÜRKAK- Accreditation Board TPE- Turkish Patent Institute TSE- Turkish Standards Institution DIE- State Institute of Statistics DTM- Undersecretariat of the Prime Minister for Foreign Trade TOBB-Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchange of Turkey KOSGEB- Small and Medium Industry Development Organizations TTGV- Technology Development Foundation of Turkey

4. Supreme Council of Science andTechnology SCST • Highest policy making body • Chaired by Prime Minister / Deputy Prime Minister • Members: • Prime Minister • Ministers (most closely concerned with S&T) • The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) • The Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA) • Higher Education Council of Turkey (YÖK) • The Turkish Atomic Energy Council (TAEK) • Foreign Trade and the Treasury • Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchange of Turkey • TÜBİTAK functions as the general secretariat to the SCST and is responsible for • preparing the agenda of the Supreme Council • carrying out the preparatory studies • following up the implementations • evaluating the impacts of the implementations

5. Turkish Research Area (TRA)

6. TARAL • Aims • Objectives • Principles • Priorities • Solving problems • Increasing quality of life • Enhancing welfare • Boosting competitiveness SPO and Other Public Agencies Private Universities Sector NGOs Turkish Research Area (TRA) At the 10th meeting, in September 2004,the Turkish Research Area (TRA) was defined. It is a strategically integrated body consisting ofall private and public entities that either perform, fund or demand R&D activities

7. Turkish Research Area (TRA) • TUBITAK was assigned the task of setting up the necessary system for strategic management of the Turkish Research Area.

8. Main Objectives of Turkish Research Area • To increase the quality of life in Turkey • To find solutions to social problems • To increase the competitive power of our country • To create awareness and interest in STI in the society

9. Basic Targets of Turkish Research Area • To increase the share of the R&D expenditures in GDP (R&D intensity) • To increase the demand for R&D • To increase the number and the quality of R&D personnel * Supreme Council for Science and Technology, 10. Meeting (Decree 2004/1-3c)c

10. Technology Foresight

11. Science and Technology Strategies Vision 2023(a project to build a science and technology vision for Turkey)

12. What was the difference? • Action without vision is an activity • Vision without action is dreaming • Action with vision you make the difference

13. VISION 2023 SCST Decision on 13 Dec. 2000: A new national S&T policy document for the period 2003-2023 is to be prepared to build a welfare society in 2023 100’th Anniversary of the Foundation of the Turkish Republic

14. SCST Steering Committe Executive Committe Project Office Organisation of Vision 2023

15. Steering Committee • Structure: • 27 Public (Co-ordination: TÜBİTAK) • 28 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) and Chambers • 10 Academic (Higher Ed. Coun. and 9 Univer.) Total of 65 Bodies Represented • Function: • Strategic Decisions • Ensure sustained commitment of actors • Level of Representation: • High ranking officials and managers

16. First Steering Committee Meeting 13 April 2002 Participation from 52 members Decided to form 11 Foresight Panels: An extended list prepared by the project office Additions Prioritisation / first round Clustering Prioritisation / second round Final revision

17. Executive Committee • Structure: • President and Vice-presidents of TÜBİTAK • Project Manager • Representatives of: • State Planning Organisation • Undersectateriat of Defence Industries • Technology Development Foundation of Turkey • Function: • Operational and budgetary decisions

18. Main Decisions Rationale A tool for formulating S&T policy for 2003-2023 Process benefits Scope Science and Technology Expected Outputs Strategic technologies and R&D priorities Raising awareness on the importance of S&T Wide and effective participation of all stakeholders

19. Guidelines Given the “welfare society” goal for 2023; which socio-economic activities should be covered in the foresight exercise? • Criteria: • Technology Relevance • Policy Relevance • 10-12 panels • Interrelatedness • Manageble

20. Action Plan • Nominations for panel membersip (around 2000) • A core group consisting of panel chairs, reporters and information multipliers for each panel • First Inter-panel Meeting • Project Design and Methodology • Task Description • Foresight Techniques • Workshop: Foresight in Action • Foresight Panels

21. SCST Decision on 24 Dec. 2001 R&D Human Resources ARBIS R&D Infrastructure TARABIS Technology Inventory Technology Foresight • 2003-2023 STRATEGY DOCUMENT • S&T Vision • Strategic Technologies and R&D Priorities • Policy Recommendations

22. Pre-foresight Activities • Training • Scanning - Foresight in other countries • Report on foresight exercises • CRITECH-2001 (20-21 Sep.) • Participation from OECD, EU, IPTS, Greece, USA • Conferences • Workshop: Foresight Methodologies (2 March,02) • Electronic survey on panel topics • Project Planning • Rationale, scope, expected outputs • Methodology, time table, budget

23. TECHNOLOGY FORESIGHT PROJECT METHODOLOGY

24. Methods • Panels • Socio-economic Panels • Thematic Panels • Delphi Survey (Technology Demand) (Technology Supply)

25. Thematic Panels Thematic panels will be formed on • cross-cutting issues; and • cross-cutting technologies raised/demanded by socio-economics panels (and by the Steering Committee) Another thematic panel is to be formed • to synthesize the panel findings and proposals, and to build a science and technology vision.

26. Socio-economic Panels Socio-economic panels will: • Assess technological/economic/structural conditions in Turkey and the world, and main drivers of change; • Construct vision(s) of future; • Determine technological capabilities necessary to make the vision(s) realizable; • Conduct SWOT analysis on those capabilities; test the feasibility of vision(s); • Determine supporting issues and trends, as well as underpinning technologies (technology demand); • Recommend policies necessary to gain those technological capabilities.

27. Foresight Panels 1- Education and Human Resources 2- Environment and Sustainable Dev. 3- Information and Communication (inc. Electronics) 4- Energy and Natural Resources 5- Health and Pharmaceuticals 6- Defence, Aeronautics and Space Industries 7- Agriculture and Food 8- Machinery and Materials 9- Transportation and Tourism 10- Chemicals 11-Textiles 12- Construction and Infrastructure

28. Scope Steering Committee Criteria for Strategic Technologies Combined Technology Lists Project Office Strategic Technologies Forming panels Socio- economic panels Issues Technology Demand Delphi Statements Thematic panels Thematic Panels Supply Vision Priorities Policies Delphi Survey Project Office Other

29. Strategic Technologies • Prioritisation based on • Importance index, and • Feasibility index • Importance Index: “Strategic Technology” Criteria • Feasibility Index: Panels and Delphi Survey

30. Criteria for “Strategic Technologies” Given the “welfare society” goal for 2023; what features of a specific technology make it preferable to others? • Conditions: • Technology Relevance • Policy Relevance • Discriminating and Objective • 2-3

31. Criteria for “Strategic Technologies”: Examples • Competitiveness • Technology / R&D intensity • Productivity • Employment • Skilled employment • SME-oriented • Environment friendly • Local resources • New industries • Energy saving • Social / cultural acceptance

32. SCENARIO Build a vision (intuitive) Tasks Objectives S & T Capabilities Feasible ? No Yes Recommendations Shared Vision(s)

33. Other Tasks • In co-ordination with the project office and other panels; • Classification of technologies • Preparation of Delphi statements and questions • Nominations of experts for the Delphi survey • Analysis of survey findings • Suggestions for “Strategic Technology” criteria

34. More on Panels • About 15 experts (one from TÜBİTAK) • Nominations by the “core group” • Enlarge the panel if needed • Workshops, conferences, surveys, analyses on request • All logistics provided by TÜBİTAK • Panel members were paid

35. R&D Human Resources Database (ARBIS) • Interactive (Web based) • Available since October 2003 • Number of records: >30.000 • Estimated number of researchers: 70.000 (head count) • All sectors: • Higher Education, • Governmental • Private • NGO’s • Content of Database: • Demographic • Education • WorkPlace • R&D Activities

36. National R&D Infrastructure Database (TARABIS) • Interactive (Web based) • Available since: October 2004 • Number of records > 800 Labs • Price > 10.000 $ • The questions will be answered by R&D department chairperson or facility directors • Content of Database: • Demographic • Work place • Age and value of the instruments • R&D Activities

37. The research priorities for Turkey, based on the input generated by the Vision 2023 project; • 1. Information Technologies • 2. Biotechnology and Gene Technologies • 3. Materials • 4. Nanotechnology • 5. Design Technologies • 6. Mechatronics • 7. Production Methods and Machinery • 8. Energy and Environmental Technologies

38. A New Attempt in Turkish S&T Activities

39. Since 1967...... • Year 1967.... • “As widely accepted, 2% is the share of GNP that developing countries devote to R&D.” • Year 1983.... 16 years later, (Science and Technology Policy 1983-2003) • “from 0.2% to 1% in 1993, to 2 % in 2003” • Year 1989.... 6 years later (1. SCST, Decree 89/6) • “To increase R&D expenditure to 2% of GNP in the next ten years....” • Year 1993.... 4 years later .... (2. SCST, Decree 93/1) • “The ratio of R&D expenditures to GNP, which is currently 0,33%, to exceed 1%”

40. GERD as Percentage of GDP In 1967, US : 3.31 % UK : 2.93 % USSR : 2.42 % In 2003, EU-25 : % 1.81 In 2010, AB-25 : % 3

41. Basic Targets of Turkish Research Area • To increase the share of R&D expenditures in GDP • To increase the demand for R&D • To increase the number and the quality of R&D personnel * Supreme Council for Science and Technology, 10. Meeting (Decree 2004/1-3c)

42. To Increase the Demand for R&D • Technology and Innovation Support for Industry • Technology and Innovation Support for Public Institutions

43. DTM-TUBITAK Technology and Innovation Support Programme

44. Technology and Innovation Support for Industry* * Support from TUBITAK, TTGV, and Undersecretariat of the Prime Ministry for Foreign Trade included. Total amount of support is 65,7 million $ as of 15 August 2006.

45. Basic Targets of Turkish Research Area • To increase the share of R&D expenditures in GDP • To increase the demand for R&D • To increase the number and the quality of R&D personnel * Supreme Council for Science and Technology, 10. Meeting (Decree 2004/1-3c)

46. To Develop STI Capacity • HRST development • Enhancing research infrastructure • Supporting national and international relations • To enhance interest in science in the society.

47. HRST Development

48. Since 1967... • Year 1967.... • “Beside expenditures on scientific and technical research, it is important to develop human resources as well. The first issue to be considered is to increase the number of research personnel immediately, as its currently at a low level.” • Year 1983.... 16 years later, (Science and Technology Policy 1983-2003) • “To increase FTE researchers per 10,000 total employment , which is 4,2 in 1983, up to 15in 10 years, and up to 30 in 20 years.” • Year 1989.... 6 years later (1. SCST, Decree 89/6) • “To increase R&D human resources per 10,000 total employement up to 30 in 10 years.” • Year 1993.... 4 years later.... (2. SCST, Decree 93/1) • “To increase the number of researchers per 10,000 population from 7 and exceed 15”

49. HRST per 10,000 Total Employement In 2003, AB-25 R&D Personnel 102 Researcher 59

50. FTE R&D Personnel vs FTE Researchers In 2003, AB-25 FTE R&D Personnel 2.052.422 FTE Researcher1.178.116