Dov Winer MAKASH – Advancing ICT Applications in Education

1. The 8thJerusalem EVA/Minerva International Conference on Digitisation of Culture The OAI-ORE based data model of Europeana and the Digital Public Library of America: implications for educational publishing Dov Winer MAKASH – Advancing ICT Applications in Education

2. Educational content and publishing • RDF Semantic Web: Linked Open Data • OAI-ORE educational Open Publishing instance: FlatWorldKnowledge

11. Europeana Metadata: From ESE to EDM • Precursor: ESE (Europeana Semantic Elements) • used in 2008 version of Europeana • represents lowest common denominator for object metadata • convert datasets to Dublin-Core like standard • forces interoperability • major drawback: original metadata is lost • EDM (Europeana Data Model) goals • preserve original data while still allowing for interoperability Semantic Web representation From the presentation EDM, Europeana Data Model by Guus Schreiber et al. June 2010

12. Linked Open Data http://linkeddata.org

13. Linked Open Data Datasets on the Web: 10/2011 Over 31.7 billion RDF triples http://www.linkeddata.org http://esw.w3.org/DataSetRDFDump http://esw.w3.org/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/DataSets/Statistics Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

15. The essence of RDF: the “triple” subject property value Source: “The thirty minute guide to RDF and Linked Data”, by Ian Davis and Tom Heath

16. October 2011: 20 Million objects and many more coming in…

20. Europeana and DPLA Joint Announcement

21. EDM Europeana Data Model Guus Schreiber with input from Carlo Meghini, Antoine Isaac, Stefan Gradmann, Makx Dekkers et al. from Europeana V1

22. EDM requirements • Distinction between “provided object” (painting, book, program) and digital representation • Distinction between object and metadata record describing an object . • Allow for multiple records for same object, containing potentially contradictory statements about an object • Support for objects that are composed of other objects • Standard metadata format that can be specialized • Standard vocabulary format that can be specialized • EDM should be based on existing standards • “not yes another standard” !

23. EDM basics • OAI ORE for organization of metadata about an object • Requirements 1-4 • Dublin Core for metadata representation • Requirement 5 • SKOS for vocabulary representation • Requirement 6 OAI ORE, Dublin Core and SKOS together fulfil Requirement-7!

24. EDM representation: RDF standard • Ovals are web resources with a URL • Arcs are properties linking resources to other resources or to literals • Resources belong to classes • RDF model can be specialized using subclass and subproperty definitions

25. Dublin Core • EDM uses the latest version of DCMI Metadata Terms http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/ • Specified with an RDF model • Specialization of 15 original DC elements dcterms:coverage dcterms:spatial dcterms:temporal • Can be specialized itself • see requirement

26. SKOS: vocabulary publication on the Web • W3C standard http://www.w3.org/TR/skos-primer/ • Adopted by large institutions such as Library of Congress • Specified with an RDF model • Can be specialized itself

27. dov.winer@gmail.com SKOS Simple Knowledge ORGANIZATION SYSTEM thesauri, classifications, subjects, taxonomies, folksonomies,… controlled vocabulary concepts are documented, linked, merged with other data, composed, integrated and published on the Web CONCEPTS identified by URIs using RDF triples natural language expressions to refer to concepts:skos: prefLabel [descriptor]skos: altLabel [synonims, acronyms, abbreviations] SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS …broader and narrower conceptsbroader/narrower relationships assert that a concept isbroader/narrowerin meaning…concepts somehow related SCHEMES compiled sets of concepts: ConceptScheme class andinSchemerelationship to link a concept to a schemehasTopConceptrelationship for the entry points of narrower/broader hierarchy LINKschemesmap concepts from different schemes using the propertiesexactMatch, broadMatch, narrowMatchandrelatedMatch

29. OAI OREOpen Archives Initiative Object Reuse & Exchange • Specification: http://www.openarchives.org/ore/1.0/toc.html • Primer: http://www.openarchives.org/ore/1.0/primer • Specified with an RDF model • Four key notions (RDF classes) • Object:the book/painting/program being described • Aggregation:organizes object information from a particular provider (museum, archive, library) • Digital representation: some digital form of the object with a Web address • Proxy: the metadata record for the object

30. OAI ORE From the OAI-ORE Primer

31. The Example - 1

32. The Example - 2

33. Aggregation organizes data of a provider digital representation provenance metadata aggregation object

34. Proxy: metadata record for an object object metadata proxy

35. Multiple aggregations = multiple providers aggregation of DMF aggregation of Louvre

36. Europeana is “just” a special providerwith processed/enriched metadata Europeana aggregation landing page enriched metadata

37. Advanced modeling in EDM • See the documentation • Relations between “provided” objects • Part-whole links for complex objects • Derivation and versioning relations • Predefined classes for person, place, time and event • Here enters the Role (central) for Specialized Vocabularies

39. http://www.flatworldknowledge.com/#

40. Thank you! dov.winer@gmail.com