Front Page test:

1. Ethical “reference” testsDavid A. Whetten & Kim S. Cameron, “Developing Management Skills,” 5th Ed., 2002, Prentice Hall Front Page test: • Would I be embarrassed if my decision became a headline in the local newspaper? • Would I feel comfortable describing my actions or decision to a customer or stockholder? Golden rule test: • Would I be willing to be treated in the same manner? Dignity and liberty test • Are the dignity and liberty of others preserved by this decision? • Is the basic humanity of the affected parties enhanced? • Are their opportunities expanded or curtailed? Equal treatment test: • Are the rights, welfare, and betterment of minorities and lower-status people given full consideration? • Does this decision benefit those with privilege but without merit? Personal gain test: • Is an opportunity for personal gain clouding my judgment? • Would I make the same decision if the outcome did not benefit me in any way? Congruence test: • Is this decision or action consistent with my espoused personal principles? • Does it violate the spirit of any organizational policies or laws? Procedural justice test: • Can the procedures used to make this decision stand up to scrutiny by those affected? Cost-benefit test: • Does a benefit for some cause unacceptable harm to others? • How critical is the benefit? • Can the harmful effects be mitigated? Good night’s sleep test • Whether or not anyone else knows about my action, will it produce a good night's sleep?

2. Nine Basic Steps to Personal Ethical Decision Making • Practice ethical behavior actively • Beware of "new ethics" programs • Define the ethical problem when it arises • Formulate alternatives • Evaluate the alternatives • Seek additional assistance, as appropriate • Choose best ethical alternative • Implement the best alternative • Monitor and assess the outcome

3. X absolute Information Critical Thinking Time Frame Analysis  Relative Evaluation Philosophical framework Teleology Deontology Virtue Core Values Principal Stakeholders  Cognitive Dissonance BEHAVIOR Rationalization (Justification) Conventional Principles Care Ethics Tests Justice Rights Utilitarian Virtue

4. Ethical Decision-Making Process Identify Action, Decision, or Behavior to be Taken Articulate all dimensions of proposed Action, decision, or behavior Ethics Screening • Conventional Approach • Standards Norms • Personal • Organizational • Societal • International • Principles Approach • Ethical Principles • Justice • Rights • Utilitarianism • Golden Rule • Care Approach • Relational • ontology & ideal • Attentiveness • Contextual • Ethical Tests Approach • Common Sense • One’s Best Self • Public Disclosure • Ventilation • Purified Idea • Gag Test Passes Ethics Screens Fails Ethics Screens Do Not Proceed Identify new course of Action Proceed / Engage

5. Action Impartiality Objective Logical Consequences Partiality Subjective Emotional Ethics A dynamic balance ….

9. open access information for all free access development, self-determ-ination autonomy knowledge sharing responsibility participation, open access participation right to read development, information competence education for all life-long learning education for all right to write deliberative democracy collaboration knowledge sharing information ecology inter-generational access right to learn self-determi-nation information control privacy, data protection no censorship right to com-municate right to filter inclusive-ness justice sustain-ability The information ethics matrix values and rights in electronic environments right to commu-nicate rights values This PP file is made publicly available under the following Creative-Commons-License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/ Rainer Kuhlen – Computer and Information Science – University of Konstanz, Germany Transborder Library Forum – Chihuahua, Mexico – March 2005