Interfacing Chemistry and Biology Since 2005

1. ™ Interfacing Chemistry and Biology Since 2005

2. HEAT IT UP! Helping Empower All To Important Thermodynamic Unifying Principles

3. Outline of teachable unit: Day 1: Provide an environment that reduces the fear of chemistry in students. Day 2: Chemical equilibrium, steady state, as well as how and why cells/life are not at equilibrium Day 3: Chemical potential, entropy, and diffusion Day 4: Enzyme kinetics, catalysis, transition states, binding of substrate, and activation energy

4. With which of the following • are you least comfortable? • Physiology • Molecular Biology • Genetics • Thermodynamics • Ecology

5. Amount of energy available to do work Ratio of the Concentration of Products:Reactants ___________________________________________________________________ • When you see the graph above, how do you feel about interpreting it? • a- confident • b- if I have to • c- neutral • d- wary • e- scared out of my mind…I am dropping biology immediately!

6. Amount of energy available to do work Ratio of the Concentration of Products:Reactants Based on these data which reaction would have the highest ratio of the concentration of products:reactants at equilibrium? A – green (bottom) B – blue (middle) C – red (top)

7. Some basic biology: Why do we eat?

8. Some basic biology: Why do we eat? 2. Where is this energy used in our body?

9. Some basic biology: Why do we eat? 2. Where is this energy used in our body? Why do cells need energy?

10. From where might the energy come • that is required for these cellular • processes we just discussed? • The oxygen we breathe • The water we ingest • The caffeine we drink • The vitamin pills we take • The sugar we break down

11. Can energy be created? Can energy be destroyed?

12. Energy Releasing Reactions Energy Requiring Reactions

13. Energy Releasing Reactions Energy Requiring Reactions Biological processes can COUPLE these reactions

14. Amount of energy available to do work Ratio of the Concentration of Products:Reactants

15. Amount of energy available to do work Ratio of the Concentration of Products:Reactants

18. Figure 5.16 Making a polypeptide chain

19. Figure 5.16 Making a polypeptide chain The ∆G for this reaction is 6 kcal/mole

20. In the cells of your body, glucose and oxygen are converted to carbon dioxide and water. This process is called cellular respiration.

21. Consider the synthesis in a cell of a protein having 101 • amino acid subunits. This requires the formation of 100 • peptide bonds. The DG for peptide bond formation is 6 kcal/mol. • The complete breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration • releases 600 kcal/mole. • How many moles of glucose molecules does it take to make • a mole of this protein? • < 1 • 1 • > 1

23. ∆Go’

24. Standard State ∆Go’

25. Standard State ∆Go’ Equilibrium Point

26. Based on the lesson just presented, when you see the graph above, • how do you feel about interpreting it? • a- confident • b- if I have to • c- neutral • d- wary • e- STILL scared out of my mind…I am dropping biology immediately!

27. Based on these data which reaction(s) would have the lowest ratio of the concentration of products:reactants at equilibrium? A – green (bottom) B – blue (middle) C – red (top)

28. Congratulations! You just did thermodynamics!!!

29. A <---> B B <---> C Sum of above reactions: A <---> C Homework 1: The reactions A <---> B and B <---> C occur sequentially and can be summed to yield the reaction A <---> C. What is the DG of this reaction when the reaction occurs under standard state conditions? Homework 2: Concept map. See course web site for instructions.

30. “Much to learn, you still have.”

31. Cornell University Rutgers, the State University of NJ Kuei-Chiu Chen Diana Martin Tom Owens Gregg Transue Dartmouth College University of Alabama Jon Kull Kim Caldwell Roger Sloboda And driven mercilessly by: Ishrat Khan (Clark Atlanta) and Lillian Tong (University of Wisconsin-Madison)