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EDUCATION

EDUCATION.

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EDUCATION

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  1. EDUCATION “ […] everyone agrees that primary education is the salvation of struggling societies, that every additional year of schooling brings with it the best chance to defeat poverty, the best chance for better parenting, better health, better nutrition, greater opportunity, and a direct line to economic growth”. Race against Time S. Lewis

  2. Sending more children to school (abolition of fees and other costs) Education Teacher Quality School resources Enhancing the QUALITY of Schooling (MDGs-EFA goals) Nutrition and health Transport and Facilities Gender parity and equality Decreasing class sizes

  3. Teacher Quality Better schooling institutions • Choice and competition • Autonomy of schools • Accountability

  4. Gender Issues 1. Girls account for 55% of the out-of-school population; 2. 94 girls attend primary school for every 1000 boys; 3. When girls have equal access to boys, they performe better on average. • Statistic Overview • Why should we be concerned about gender inequalities in education? • Equality, not just parity. • Some gender imbalances favour girls. • Human rights perspective • Overall cost to society

  5. Health and Nutrition“a state of complete physical, mental, social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity ” • Direct effects • Less direct effects • Dietary Improvements • Immunization programs • School-based clinics • Health seeking behaviour in adulthood • Higher incomes in adulthood • Economic growth in the long-run

  6. What can be done to improve schools in developing countries? • Financial resources to make productive investments in education. • Good institutions in the labor and product markets; effective systems of laws and property rights; openess to international trade. • Better incentives to have higher students performance and high-quality teachers.

  7. References (1/2) • EFA Report • Education Quality and Economic Growth, A.Hanushek and L.Wossmann, The World bank • Race Against Time (ch.3), S. Lewis • Education, Health and Development, D.E.Bloom (it deals with the issue of health in relation to education: how they influence each other) • Education For All, Literacy For Life, The EFA Global Monitoring Report Team (it provides an overview at the EFA initiative and progress towards meeting key education goals, in particular those agreed upon at Dakar 2000) • Development As Freedom (ch.8), A.Sen (it is useful for women’s agency and social change) • Educating children in Poor Countries, A.Hillman and E.Jenkner, Economic Issue No.33, www.imf.org(it examines the critical issue that in developing countries Governments lack either the financial resources or the political will to meet their citizens’ educational needs)

  8. References (2/2) • Enhancing Accountability in Schools, H.Patrinos and N.LaRoche, www.eldis.org(it shows the challenges of Governments around the world of getting and keeping more children in developing countries enrolled in schools and ensuring that learning outcomes improve) • Gender-responsive budgeting in education, Oxfam, www.eldis.org(it explains how Governments and donors can promote gender equality in education through their financing decisions: special scholarship for girls; spending on training for female teachers’ career development; spending on compulsory education and the early childhood education) • Towards a New Consensus for Addressing the Global Challenge of the lack of Education, Working Paper No.43, Center for Global Development • Poverty Reduction begins with Children, www.unicef.org • Beyond the ABCs: Higher Education and Developing Countries, Kapur and Crowley, Working Paper No.139, Center for Global Development • Strategies for Girls’ Education, www.unicef.org

  9. Working on the ground… • UNESCO  EFA - Education for All: UNESCO leads the global Education for All movement, aiming to meet the learning needs of all children, youth and adults by 2015. (http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/) • UNICEF - Education is a fundamental human right: every child is entitled to it (http://www.unicef.org/girlseducation/index.php) • DFID – Department for International development: The Department for International Development (DFID) is the part of the UK Government that manages Britain's aid to poor countries and works to get rid of extreme poverty. (http://www.dfid.gov.uk/mdg/education.asp) • ACTION AID - it targets vulnerable and marginalized individuals, providing scholarships, establishing libraries, conducting literary classes and other activities. (www.actionaid.org) • UCW – Understanding Children’s Work: it works with EFA Initiatives to move children away from child labor and into education. (http://www.ucw-project.org/) • GEM – Global Education Motivators: non-profit organization to help schools meet the complex challenges of  living in a global society (http://www.gem-ngo.org/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid) • SAVE THE CHILDREN – it focuses on health and education for disadvantaged children (www.savethechildren.org) There are a variety of other organizations working in the field of education (VSO, USAID, AUSAID, WORLD EDUCATION, etc…)

  10. THANK YOU Annalisa Gentili, Barbara D’Amelia, David Suttie, Stefano Magazzini

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