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The most ancient history of Kazakhstan. A paleolith, mezolith on territory of Kazakhstan . LECTURE 2. Brief contents:. 1. The Late (Upper) and middle Paleolithic 2.Mezolithic. . 1. The Late (Upper) and middle Paleolithic .
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The most ancient history of Kazakhstan. A paleolith, mezolith on territory of Kazakhstan. LECTURE 2
Brief contents: 1. The Late (Upper) and middle Paleolithic 2.Mezolithic.
1. The Late (Upper) and middle Paleolithic The problem of the origin of the modern human being and the most ancient stages of his development in the Stone Age according to the scientists' terminology is one of the complex problems of the science.
Periodization of Stone age: Shell 800 th.y. Ashell 140 th.y
The modern genetics came to the conclusion, that labor played the decisive role in the evolution of man. Man is differed from the animal by his knowing how to work and how to make the labor instruments. The first instruments made from stone by man gave the name to the Stone Age, the early and longest period of the history.
There were the most ancient finds of stone instruments in the Southern Kazakhstan found simultaneously with the finds in Africa and India.
The Karatau(Southern Kazakhstan) mountains with their big with water and vegetation canyons were the favorable regions of settlement of the ancient man in Kazakhstan, where the great number of wild animals lived. The climate in that time was warm and humid there. That was there; on the banks of the Arystandyriverthe most ancient stone instruments were discovered.
The more numerous sites of the Late times were Shabakty, Tenirkazghan, Borykazghan etc. The hand bifaces (handaxes), points, flakes, cores-more than 5 thousand various flint instruments were collected there.
2.Mezolithic. Оn the territory of Kazakhstan, the Mesolithic age- Middle Stone Age being the connecting period between the New Stone age, оn the оnе hand, and the Paleolithic and Neolithic ages, оn the other hand, has bееn investigated insufficiently.
The climate change of that period led to the rise of the temperature оn the earth surface. And it caused some changes in flora and fаunа. At that period mammoths and rhinoceroses complete1y disappeared. The characteristic features of Mesolithic: а wide use of bows and arrows, app1ication of auxiliary techniques in making too1s for 1abour and increase of population density.
The intensive search for new methods to satisfy domestic demands of peop1e resulted in some regions in tilling and cattle-breeding, whereas in other regions fishing, harvesting and hunting were developing. After the invention of bows and arrows the тап had his hand "lengthened", it was аreal breakthrough in the deve1lopment of productive forces. Owing to it definite changes in domestic life of ancient people took place.
The new achievement of Mesolithic epoch is appearance of bows and arrows. Bows and arrows served not only as farming instruments, but a1so as а weapon against enemies. Among human skeletons found in burial mounds of that time were skeletons which had been pierced through bу an arrowhead. Thus, it mау bе concluded that military operations had their start from that time.
Petroglyphs - pictures оn rocks drawn in the Stone Age serve as а proof that people had attempted to bе divided into separate groups - troops. They had their own military chief and mastered going into а battle and the actions at the rеаr.
