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Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata: Capital until late 1997 Renamed Almaty in 1992. Aqmola: Capital 1997-present Renamed Astana in 1998. New capitals, new names. Secular : Islam is a component of Kazakh culture Legal system based on Sharia and Adat Pan-Turkic Turkestan: Central Asian States.

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Kazakhstan

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  1. Kazakhstan

  2. Alma-Ata: Capital until late 1997 Renamed Almaty in 1992 Aqmola: Capital 1997-present Renamed Astana in 1998 New capitals, new names

  3. Secular: Islam is a component of Kazakh culture Legal system based on Sharia and Adat Pan-Turkic Turkestan: Central Asian States Islamic: Kazakh culture is Islamic Legal system is Sharia only Pan-Islamic Turanistan: From Istanbul to China Kazakh Nationalist Factions

  4. Leaders of Kazakhstan • Dinmuhhamad Kunayev: 1960-1962, 1964-1986 • Nikolai Kolbin: 1986-1989 • Nursultan Nazarbaev: 1989-present

  5. Opposition Parties • Jeltoksan: Named “December” in memory of December, 1986 uprising • Alash Orda: Rebirth of a pre-Soviet pan-Turkic party

  6. Border Disputes • China: Claims areas of Eastern Kazakhstan • Uzbekistan: Claims areas of Southern Kazakhstan • Russian Federation: Northern Kazakh border not clearly defined

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