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Avian Influenza

Avian Influenza. Tanzania. Yongolo MGS, Swai E, Chuwa JKM, Malick A. Ministry of Livestock, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar. Risk of introduction of AI to Tanzania. Avian Influenza has not been reported in Tanzania Presence of other diseases

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Avian Influenza

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  1. Avian Influenza Tanzania Yongolo MGS, Swai E, Chuwa JKM, Malick A. Ministry of Livestock, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar

  2. Risk of introduction of AI to Tanzania Avian Influenza has not been reported in Tanzania Presence of other diseases Masking Influenza Newcastle Disease Malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS BUT Yes at Risk WHY and HOW??????? Tanzania

  3. Risk of introduction of AI to Tanzania • Location with three wild birds fly way • Water bodies • Migratory birds routes Palaearctic flyways These 5 million dead trees support > 2,000 Fish Eagles East Coast

  4. Three major Flyways in Tanzania and the 5 initial sampling sites Risk of introduction of AI to Tanzania NYUMBA YA MUNGU 107 species Lake Victoria 130 species LAKE MANYARA 137 species Coastal 147 spps

  5. Risk of introduction of AI to Tanzania • Human livestock interaction • Poultry, Swine, Ducks and W/Birds • Live birds markets • FRC management • Importation of DOC and Poultry meat and Products • Absence of detection infrastructure and mechanism • Human activities? • Poor regulations

  6. The Live Bird Market Model Consumer Dealers / Middleman Poultry Producers Markets Dealers / Customer What if he’s infected with AI?

  7. Risk of introduction of AI to Tanzania Report indicators • Serological positives (Masurel 1987) • Mwanza • 200 babies and 205 mothers • H1N1, H2N2, H3N2 • Similar to Netherlands) • Rufiji delta • Children under 9 (Rooth and Bjorkman 1992) • Tanzania – • H2N2 (1957); H3N2 (1968); • influenza outbreaks in Rufiji Delta 1992

  8. Capacity • Human resources/Diagnosis • Limited number of specialized vets and medic on Avian Influenza specifically Virologists • 1 ADRI (14 Vets, 5PhD (2 viro, 1 Path, 1 Bact, 1 Para; Msc, 4 Bsc 5) • 6 VIC (21 Vets, 1 PhD, Msc 11. Bsc 9) 650 Vets at DVS and 25 regions also in 130 districts vets`and > 1000 medic personnel, • Veterinary and human diagnostic capacity • Laboratory space is adequate • Diagnostic facilities and capacity not adequate • Structure • DVS/DPrevMed, DRT, 4 Referral Hosp. 25 Regional and 130 District Vet/human services in place Private veterinary and human medical services, TAWIRI, TANAPA, UNIVERSITIES, NIMR • All linked, e-mail, basic transport, radio calls (Human), telephones • But little financial, few equipments, supplies and consumables to face Influenza Pandemic

  9. Capacity cont. • In place Serology tests (HI, ELISA) • Egg inoculation • Basic screening for other diseases in all district and regional hospitals • Minimum cold chain facilities

  10. Preparedness plan • Pre outbreak • Multi-sectoral Task Technical and Task Force • Preparedness plan in place • Mobilize local and international resources • Mass sensitization • Surveillance and Early reporting • Capacity building for detection • Institute controlled importation of poultry/Products • Stock piling of drugs and vaccines against AI • During Outbreak • Control outbreakat source • Stamping out infected poultry with compensation • Quarantine infected areas • Intensify active surveillance and reporting • Patient hospital management • Vaccinate humans and if wide spread poultry

  11. END Prevent infection to poultry Prevent Viral shedding from poultry to poultry and humans

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