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Avian Influenza

Avian Influenza. AI virus and free-ranging wild birds – JAVMA 15 June 2006 Review of the highly pathogenic AI outbreak in Texas, 2004 – JAVMA 15 June 2006. AI Background. RNA orthomyxovirus, type A influenza Surface glycoproteins 16 hemagglutinin 9 nueraminidase

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Avian Influenza

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  1. Avian Influenza AI virus and free-ranging wild birds – JAVMA 15 June 2006 Review of the highly pathogenic AI outbreak in Texas, 2004 – JAVMA 15 June 2006

  2. AI Background • RNA orthomyxovirus, type A influenza • Surface glycoproteins • 16 hemagglutinin • 9 nueraminidase • HPAI is predominately H5 & H7, all are reportable • High path refers to ability to cause illness and death in domestic poultry only

  3. AI Background • Transmission among birds by fecal-oral and respiratory routes • Transmission to man by eating undercooked/raw poultry, direct contact with fomites, and close-contact w/ infected poultry • First reported 1997 in Hong Kong • Definitive Dx: Virus Isolation

  4. AI Background • Short incubation • Death in 2-5 days • Viable in tissue, manure, mucus, and water for long periods • CS: severe depression, inappetence, facial edema (combs and wattles), decreased egg production and sudden death

  5. AI Control • Depopulation or controlled marketing • Biosecurity enhancements • Public outreach • Vaccines ?? • Surveillance

  6. Wild Birds • 54 species serve as reservoirs for LPAI • HPAI can kill wild birds • Variation in susceptibility • Identified from VI of cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs

  7. Management Considerations (Poultry) • Keep domestic poultry indoors • Clean vehicles, clothing, equipment • Limit access to poultry houses

  8. Management Considerations (Wild) • Observe birds from distance • Commonsense hygiene (10% bleach) • Avoid dead and ill birds • Report dead and ill birds to state

  9. Potential entry into U.S. • Migratory routes • Illegal importations • Poor biosecurity

  10. HPAI Outbreak, 2004 • Pre-existing surveillance plan • Rapid response • Joint USDA-TAHC task force • Rapid and accurate sample analysis • Cooperation of poultry managers

  11. HPAI Outbreak • 1 flock infected • Increased respiratory disease and death loss • 2 live-bird markets • Shipment of birds from infected farm

  12. USDA Response • Depopulation (Carcasses buried on-site) • Movement restriction • Affected zone (8 km) • Surveillance zone (25 km) • Buffer zone (50 km) • Surveillance testing • AGID serology (exposure) of gallinaceous birds • rRT-PCS assay of cloacal swabs from wild birds

  13. USDA Response • Cleaning and disinfection • Public information campaign • Feed stores • TAHC email database • Media outlets • Veterinarians • Mail

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