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Chapter 28

Chapter 28. Applied and Industrial Microbiology. Foods are preserved by:. Drying Osmotic pressure (salt or sugar) Fermentation. Industrial Food Canning. Figure 28.1. Commercial Sterilization to Destroy C. botulinum Endospores. 12D treatment kills 10 12 endospores

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Chapter 28

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  1. Chapter 28 Applied and Industrial Microbiology

  2. Foods are preserved by: • Drying • Osmotic pressure (salt or sugar) • Fermentation

  3. Industrial Food Canning Figure 28.1

  4. Commercial Sterilization to Destroy C. botulinum Endospores • 12D treatment kills 1012 endospores • Surviving endospores of thermophilic anaerobes cause spoilage with gas • Or flat-sour spoilage

  5. Food Preservation • Presterilized materials assembled into packages and aseptically filled (Aseptic packaging) • Gamma radiation kills bacteria, insects, and parasitic worms • High-energy electrons Figure 28.4

  6. Cheese • Curd: solid casein from lactic acid bacteria and rennin • Whey: liquid separated from curd • Hard cheeses produced by lactic acid bacteria • Semisoft cheeses ripened by Penicillium on surface Figure 28.8a

  7. Ionizing Radiation Table 28.2

  8. Alcoholic Beverages and Vinegar • Beer and ale are fermented starch • Malting: Germinating barley converts starch to maltose and glucose • Yeast ferment sugars to ethyl alcohol + CO2

  9. Yeast Fermentations Table 28.4

  10. Making Red Wine Figure 28.9

  11. Microbial Metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sugar Ethyl alcohol + CO2 Lactic acid bacteria Malic acid Lactic acid Acetobacter or Gluconobacter Ethyl alcohol Acetic acid

  12. Fermentation Technology Figure 28.10

  13. Primary Fermentation Figure 28.11a

  14. Secondary Fermentation Figure 28.11b

  15. Immobilized Cells Figure 28.12

  16. Industrial Microbiology • Amino acids • Citric Acid • Enzymes • Vitamins • Antibiotics • Steroids

  17. Biological Leaching of Copper Ores Figure 28.14a

  18. Alternative Energy Sources Using Microorganisms Bioconversion Biomass Methane or ethyl alcohol

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