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Blackface and Minstrel Shows. A 19 th Century American Theatre Tradition. What is a Minstrel Show?. a “curious phenomenon” g egan in the 1830s : working class white men dressing up as plantation slaves.
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Blackface and Minstrel Shows A 19th Century American Theatre Tradition
What is a Minstrel Show? • a “curious phenomenon” • gegan in the 1830s: • working class white men dressing up as plantation slaves. • imitated black musical and dance forms, combining savage parody of black Americans with genuine fondness for African American cultural forms. • By the Civil War the minstrel show had become world famous and “respectable.” • Late in his life Mark Twain fondly remembered the "old time nigger show" with its colorful comic “darkies” and its rousing songs and dances.
Blackface • white performers would blacken their faces with burnt cork or greasepaint • outlandish costumes • performed songs and skits that mocked African Americans as lazy, buffoonish, dumb, superstitious and musical. • Some of the most famous songs in American history -- Dixie, Camptown Races, Oh Sussanah, My Old Kentucky Home -- began as minstrel songs.
Caricatures • These three stock characters were among several that reappeared in minstrel shows throughout the nineteenth century. "Jim Crow" was the stereotypical carefree slave, "Mr. Tambo" a joyous musician, and "Zip Coon" a free black attempting to "put on airs" or rise above his station. The parody in minstrel shows was often savage.
Blackface in Popular Culture montage: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C45g3YP7JOk&noredirect=1 historian on the effects of mistrelsy: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ciHJvs9wPk&noredirect=1
The Legacy of Blackface • old “Looney Tunes” cartoons • Buckwheat (The Little Rascals) • Amos ‘n Andy • Disney’s Song of the South • Aunt Jemima • Uncle Ben’s Rice • modern-day sketch comedy • Spike Lee’s Bamboozled (This film accuses black entertainment of exploiting African-American culture for the benefit of white audiences.)
Making Sense of Jim’s Portrayal (#itscomplicated) • Does there seem to be a minstrel show influence in Jim and Huck’s dialogue? • What effect do the illustrations have on the story? • What have many readers found offensive about Jim? • What defense of Jim (and Twain) might we offer?