Officer Richard Neil (retired)

1. Officer Richard Neil (retired) 3-5 Child Abuse & Neglect

2. This is a hard topic area for Anyone! It should upset you!

3. O.R.C. 2151.031 The court need not find that any person has been convicted of the offense in order to find that the child is an abused child;

4. Test Five-0 Style

5. 2151.421 Ohio’s Mandatory Reporter Law • Police • Doctors • Lawyers • Psychiatrists • Nurses • School employees • Social Workers • Pastors • NOT Parents • NOT Grandparents

6. 2151.421 Mandatory Reporter - No person described in this section who is acting in an official or professional capacity and knows, or has reasonable cause to suspect based on facts… that a child under eighteen years of age … has suffered or faces a threat of suffering any physical or mental wound, injury, disability, or condition of a nature that reasonably indicates abuse or neglect of the child shall fail to immediately reportthat knowledge to the public children services agency or a municipal or county peace officer in the county in which the child resides.

7. More than 1,500 American children will die at the hands of their parents/guardians this year. • 4 children die every day in this country from child abuse and neglect. • 80% of violent juvenile and adult prisoners were raised in violent homes. (Not spanked; violent) • Survivors of abuse are 6 times more likely to become abusive parents.

8. 1in 4 girls, and 1 in 6 boys will be sexually abused before the age 18. • Abused children are 25 times more likely to repeat a grade. • 75% of high school dropouts have a history of abuse in their families. • 45% of abused children become adult alcoholics.

9. Myth:Only bad people abuse. Good people don’t. • Not all abusers are bad and want to harm their children. Some have been victims of abuse themselves, and grew up not knowing any other way. Others struggle with mental health problems, alcohol and drug addiction and other personal problems .

10. Myth: Many children do not know their abusers • Although some children are abused by complete strangers, many actually know their abusers and trust them. Abusers are most commonly family members, or someone who is close to the family and the child.

11. Myth: Child abuse doesn’t happen in “good” families and wealthy households. • Child abuse can happen in any household, regardless of ethnic background, culture, religion or economic status. Sometimes, a family that seems to have it all can hide a different story behind closed doors

12. Myth: Abused children will definitely grow up to be abusers • Some survivors of child abuse may unconsciously repeat the violent or abusive treatment that they experienced as a child. However, many have a strong motivation to protect their own children from experiencing what they had suffered and, instead, become wonderful parents.

13. Myth: A child is responsible for the abuse that he/she suffers • A child is never responsible for the abuse he/she suffers. The responsibility for abuse lies solely with the offender. In the case of sexual abuse, offenders often try to shift the blame for their actions by accusing the child of being promiscuous or seductive, especially if it involves a teenager.

14. Myth: Children lie about being sexually abused • It is extremely rare for children to lie about being sexually abused. In reality, children may not want to disclose sexual abuse because they are embarrassed, afraid or uncomfortable.

15. Ohio Statistics • Ohio’s rate of child abuse and neglect ranked 11th in the nation • Every year 100,000 reported cases of child abuse and neglect in Ohio • 50,140 of these children were determined to be victims of abuse and neglect. • Over a 4 year period, Ohio has seen the number of child abuse and neglect double from 24,998 in 1998 to 50,140 in 2002.

16. Test Five-0 Style

17. CHILDinTow

18. ENDANGERING CHILDREN 2919.22 • Division (A) • Parent, guardian, custodian, person having custody or control or person in loco parentis • If a child under 18 years of age OR a mentally or physically handicapped child under 21 years of age • Create a substantial risk to the health or safety of the child • By violation of a duty of care, protection or support

19. ENDANGERING CHILDREN 2919.22 • Division (B)—Do any of the following to a child under 18 years OR a mentally or physically handicapped child under 21 years of age: • Abuse the child OR… • Torture or cruelly abuse the child OR…

21. ENDANGERING CHILDREN 2919.22 • Administer corporal punishment or other physical disciplinary measure of physically restrain the child in a cruel manner OR for a prolonged period WHICH punishment, discipline or restraint is excessive under the circumstances AND creates a substantial risk of serious physical harm to the child OR…

22. ENDANGERING CHILDREN 2919.22 • Repeatedly administer unwarranted disciplinary measures to the child WHEN there is substantial risk that such conduct, if continued, will seriously impair or retard the child’s mental health or development OR…

23. THREE BROAD TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE: • PHYSICAL ABUSE • EMOTIONAL ABUSE*** • SEXUAL ABUSE

24. GENERAL CLINICAL SIGNS OF PHYSICAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN UNEXPLAINED DAMAGE TO THE SKIN AND SURFACE TISSUES SUCH AS BRUISES, WELTS, BURNS, ABRASIONS, LACERATIONS OR SWELLING

25. GENERAL CLINICAL SIGNS OF PHYSICAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN DAMAGE TO THE BRAIN, AS EVIDENCED BY CONVULSIONS, ALTERED MENTAL STATES, RETARDATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESS, CHANGE IN RATE OF HEAD GROWTH, UNEXPLAINED FRACTURES

26. GENERAL CLINICAL SIGNS OF PHYSICAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN UNEXPLAINED DAMAGE TO INTERNAL ORGANS AS SUGGESTED BY SHOCK, STOMACH PAIN OR ORGANS DISTENDED OR BLEEDING

27. PHYSICAL ABUSE EXAMPLES • HITTING • BURNING • BITING • CUTTING • POKING/PINCHING • TWISTING OF LIMBS OR OTHER TORTURE TYPES

28. TYPES OF BRUISES • WHIPPING • HEAD INJURIES • WHIPLASH • PUMMELING

30. Test Five-0 Style

31. ENDANGERING CHILDREN 2919.22 • Division (C) • Operate a vehicle, streetcar, trackless trolley • In Ohio • In violation of Section 4511.19 • If child under 18 is passenger • Degree of Offense: M-1 • Aggravating circumstances can enhance the penalty to F-4, F-3 or F-2

32. ENDANGERING CHILDREN 2919.22 • It is NOT a violation of a duty of care, protection or support WHEN: • The parent, guardian, custodian or person having custody or control of a child • Treats the physical or mental illness or defect of the child by spiritual means through prayer alone • In accordance with the tenets of a recognized religious body

33. ENDANGERING CHILDREN 2919.22 • This section is aimed at child neglect and abuse cases which pose a serious risk to the mental or physical health or safety of the victim • The mental state is RECKLESSLY • The second part of the statute deals with actual, physical abuse of a child, whether by physical cruelty or by improper discipline or restraint—it does not matter who commits the offense

35. ENDANGERING CHILDREN 2919.22 • Examples: Locking a child in a room which leads to arrested development or malnutrition • Chaining a child to a bed

36. ENDANGERING CHILDREN 2919.22 • Spanking a child is NOT a crime in Ohio unless it causes serious physical or emotional harm. • Reducing a child to a state of frightened withdrawal to the point where the child is incapable of normal learning because of repeated punishment inflicted with little or no cause

37. STATE THE 8 BEHAVIORS THAT MAY BE SEEN IN EMOTIONALLY ABUSED CHILDREN • CHILD DISPLAYS CONDUCT DISORDERS • CHILD DISPLAYS HABIT DISORDERS • UNWITTING REMARKS ABOUT BAD BEHAVIOR • CHILD DISPLAYS PSYCHONEUROTIC DISORDERS • DISPLAYS BEHAVIOR EXTREMES • DISPLAYS OVERLY ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR • ATTEMPTS SUICIDE • LAGS BEHIND PEERS IN EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

40. LOCATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS MAY INDICATE ABUSE • BRANDING • ZEBRA BURNS • SPLASH BURNS • JACKKNIFE BURNS • DOUGHNUT BURNS • GLOVE OR SOCK BURNS • POINTED BURNS • CIGARETTE BURNS • ROPE BURNS

41. DIFFERENCES IN COLORATION INDICATE • VARIOUS STAGES OF HEALING • THAT THE INJURIES WERE SUSTAINED AT DIFFERENT TIMES

43. 2901.13 Statute of Limitations • Describes the statute of limitations that reasonably indicates abuse or neglect of a child under 18 years of age or impaired under the age of 21 shall not begin to run until - • The victim reaches the age of majority (18) • Upon notification to the agency • 2 years misdemeanors – violation of 2901.13(A)(1)(b) • 6 years felonies – violation of 2901.13(A)(1)(a) • 20 years – violation of 2901.13(A)(3)(a)

44. Test Five-0 Style

45. CHARACTERISTICS THAT MAY BE SEEN IN A SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILD • CHILD REPORTS SEXUAL ABUSE • CHILD SHOWS EARLY AND/OR EXAGGERATED AWARENESS OF SEX • TEARING, BRUISING OR SPECIFIC INFLAMMATION OF MOUTH, ANUS OR GENITALS • EVIDENCE OF SEMEN - ORAL, RECTAL OR VAGINAL • PREGNANT CHILD WHO IS EXTREMELY FEARFUL, DISTRESSED OR SECRETIVE

46. CHARACTERISTICS THAT MAY BE SEEN IN A SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILD • BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS IN SCHOOL OR COMMUNITY • KNOWN VICTIM OF OTHER TYPES OF ABUSE • CHILD HAS DIFFICULTY WALKING OR SITTING • EVIDENCE OF TORN, STAINED OR BLOODY UNDERCLOTHING • CHILD COMPLAINS OF ITCHING OR PAIN IN GENITAL AREA • EVIDENCE OF VENEREAL DISEASE

47. CHARACTERISTICS THAT MAY BE SEEN IN A SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILD • CHILD APPEARS WITHDRAWN; ENGAGES IN FANTASY OR INFANTILE BEHAVIOR • POOR PEER RELATIONSHIPS • UNWILLING TO CHANGE FOR GYM OR PARTICIPATE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES • DELINQUENCY • BIZARRE, SOPHISTICATED OR UNUSUAL KNOWLEDGE OF SEX

48. Jigsaw Squads Understanding Child Molester Types & Keys to a Confession

49. Jigsaw Squads • Each member in a study group must take good notes. They will be responsible for their part in a Jigsaw Squad. You can only use a pocket notebook. • Choose the information you think is valuable and relevant. Don’t try to copy everything down. • There will be a test for each group.