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Ternary Phase diagrams

Ternary Phase diagrams. Chapter 5. C = 3: Ternary Systems: Example 1: Ternary Eutectic Di - An - Fo. Anorthite. Note three binary eutectics No solid solution Ternary eutectic = M. M. T. Forsterite. Diopside. T - X Projection of Di - An - Fo.

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Ternary Phase diagrams

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  1. Ternary Phase diagrams Chapter 5

  2. C = 3: Ternary Systems:Example 1: Ternary EutecticDi - An - Fo Anorthite Note three binary eutectics No solid solution Ternary eutectic = M M T Forsterite Diopside

  3. T - X Projection of Di - An - Fo Figure 7-2. Isobaric diagram illustrating the liquidus temperatures in the Di-An-Fo system at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa). After Bowen (1915), A. J. Sci., and Morse (1994), Basalts and Phase Diagrams. Krieger Publishers.

  4. Crystallization Relationships

  5. a Liquid An An + Liq Di + Liq Di + An Pure Fo forms Just as in binary

  6. Lever principle ® relative proportions of liquid & Fo • At 1500oC • Liquid is Fo-a • Solid Fo is a-x

  7. 1270 1300 1274 M 1400 1500 b Di + Liq Fo + Liq 1392 c Diopside 1387 • What is ratio of Diopside and Forsterite? • Di/Fo in bulk solid extract using lever principle

  8. At 1300oC liquid = X • Imagine triangular plane X - Di - Fo balanced on bulk a Liq x a Di m Fo Liq/total solids = a-m/Liq-a total Di/Fo = m-Fo/Di-m

  9. Partial Melting(remove melt):

  10. Thermodynamics and phase diagrams • Equation to describe P-T diagrams • dP=DS • dT DV • Clapeyron Equation

  11. Thermodynamics and phase diagrams • S is entropy (level of chaos) • DS is positive for solid to liquid • DS is negative for liquid to solid

  12. Clapyeron Equation P2 Solid Pressure Liquid P1 T2 T1 Temperature dP/dT is slope of line Positive slope means DS and DV are positive Negative slope is DS and DV are negative What is slope of line for water to ice transition?

  13. The Effect of Pressure Pressure increases melting point of most materials Water is the exception

  14. Eutectic system Figure 7-16. Effect of lithostatic pressure on the liquidus and eutectic composition in the diopside-anorthite system. 1 GPa data from Presnall et al. (1978). Contr. Min. Pet., 66, 203-220.

  15. The Effect of Water on Melting Dry melting:solid ® liquid Add water- water enters the melt Reaction becomes: solid + water = liq(aq) Figure 7-19. The effect of H2O saturation on the melting of albite, from the experiments by Burnham and Davis (1974). A J Sci 274, 902-940. The “dry” melting curve is from Boyd and England (1963). JGR 68, 311-323.

  16. The effect of water on melting • Adding water lowers the solidus and liquidus temperatures

  17. Water changes melting point on eutectic phase diagrams too Figure 7-25. The effect of H2O on the diopside-anorthite liquidus. Dry and 1 atm from Figure 7-16, PH2O = Ptotal curve for 1 GPa from Yoder (1965). CIW Yb 64.

  18. Figure 7-20. Experimentally determined melting intervals of gabbro under H2O-free (“dry”), and H2O-saturated conditions. After Lambert and Wyllie (1972). J. Geol., 80, 693-708.

  19. Dry and water-saturated solidi for some common rock types The more mafic the rock the higher the melting point All solidi are greatly lowered by water Figure 7-21. H2O-saturated (solid) and H2O-free (dashed) solidi (beginning of melting) for granodiorite (Robertson and Wyllie, 1971), gabbro (Lambert and Wyllie, 1972) and peridotite (H2O-saturated: Kushiro et al., 1968; dry: Ito and Kennedy, 1967).

  20. We know the behavior of water-free and water-saturated melting by experiments, which are easy to control by performing them in dry and wet sealed vessels What about real rocks? Some may be dry, some saturated, but most are more likely to be in between these extremes • a fixed water content < saturation levels

  21. Melting of Albite with a fixed activity of H2O Fluid may be a CO2-H2O mixture with Pf = PTotal Figure 7-26. From Millhollen et al. (1974). J. Geol., 82, 575-587.

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