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THE PROTOZOA

THE PROTOZOA. UNICELLULAR - EUCARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS FOUND IN THE KINGDOM PROTISTA NO COMMON BASIC STRUCTURE, SIZE OR SHAPE SIZE VARIES GREATLY - 2 TO 5,000 MICROMETERS DISTRIBUTION FREE LIVING FORMS. PARASITIC FORMS (MANY ANIMALS CARRY PROTOZOANS AS NORMAL FLORA)

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THE PROTOZOA

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  1. THE PROTOZOA UNICELLULAR - EUCARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS FOUND IN THE KINGDOM PROTISTA NO COMMON BASIC STRUCTURE, SIZE OR SHAPE SIZE VARIES GREATLY - 2 TO 5,000 MICROMETERS DISTRIBUTION FREE LIVING FORMS

  2. PARASITIC FORMS (MANY ANIMALS CARRY PROTOZOANS AS NORMAL FLORA) FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF FREE LIVING FORMS NaCl CONCENTRATION pH TEMPERATURE OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS

  3. NUTRITION FREE LIVING FORMS - PHAGOCYTOSIS OF PARTICULATE MATTER COMPLEX NUTRITIONAL NEEDS ALL ARE CHEMOHETEROTROPHS STORAGE PRODUCTS - GLYCOGEN, STARCH AND LIPIDS REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL – BINARY FISSION, MULTIPLE FISSION OR BUDDING

  4. SEXUAL - SYNGAMY OR CONJUGATION CLASSIFICATION (ORGANELLES OF MOTOLITY) KINGDOM: PROTISTA PHYLUM: PROTOZOA GROUPINGS: AMOEBA, FLAGELLATES, CILIATES, SPOROZOA AMOEBA - PSEUDOPODIA - NO CELL WALL AMOEBA PROTEUS - FREE LIVING AMOEBA

  5. ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA Causes: Amoebic Dysentery ACANTHAMOEBA Sp. Causes: 1. Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis 2. Keratitis

  6. FLAGELLATES - FLAGELLA (MOST HUMAN PATHOGENS IN THIS GROUP) MOST PRIMITIVE OF THE PROTOZOANS CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAGELLA

  7. EUGLENA Sp.

  8. PATHOGENIC FLAGELLATES GIARDIA LAMBLIA TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS TRYPANOSOMA SP.

  9. CILIATES

  10. MOST ADVANCED OF THE PROTOZOA • ORAL GROOVE • CONTRACTILE VACUOLE • NUCLEAR DIMORPHISM • REPRODUCTION • ASEXUALLY BY BINARY FISSION • SEXUALLY BY CONJUGATION • PATHOGENIC CILIATE – BALANTIDIUM COLI

  11. Treatment for protozoan infections is usually an antibiotic called metranidazole also called flagyl.

  12. SPOROZOA ALL OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES ALL HAVE COMPLEX LIFE CYCLES PATHOGENIC SPOROZOAN-PLASMODIUMSp. CAUSATIVE AGENT OF MALARIA FOUR SPECIES CAUSE MALARIA

  13. 1. P. MALARIAE 2. P. OVALE 3. P. VIVAX 4. P. FALCIPARUM LIFE CYCLE OCCURS IN TWO ORGANISMS MOSQUITO (ANOPHELES Sp.) AND ANIMAL BODY SEXUAL CYCLE IN MOSQUITO ASEXUAL CYCLE IN HUMAN BODY

  14. 3 IMPORTANT STAGES IN LIFE CYCLE SPOROZOITE MEROZOITE GAMETOCYTE LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM

  15. SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA MOST DEADLY FORM IS P.FALCIPARUM HOW MALARIA KILLS

  16. TREATMENT FOR MALARIA - QUININE AND ITS DERIVATIVES CHLOROQUINE PRIMAQUINE MEFLOQUINE - LARIUM SIDE EFFECTS OF LONG TERM USE OF QUININE HALLUCINATIONS CONVULSIONS EMOTIONAL CHANGES

  17. VACCINE????

  18. TOXOPLASMOSIS • CAUSED BY TOXOPLASMA GONDII • SEEN MOSTLY IN PEOPLE WITH COMPROMISED IMMUNE SYSTEMS • CATS ARE AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF THIS PROTOZOAN • THE ORGANISM REPLICATES IN THE INTESTINE OF THE CAT. • IT PASSES OUT OF THE CAT IN ITS FECAL MATERIA • PEOPLE INJEST THE ORGANISM

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