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Orthopaedic Diseases

Orthopaedic Diseases. OITE 2006. A 12-year-old patient has an epiphyseal lesion. What is the most likely diagnosis?. Giant cell tumor Aneurysmal bone cyst Eosinophilic granuloma Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica Chondroblastoma. #7.

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Orthopaedic Diseases

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  1. Orthopaedic Diseases OITE 2006

  2. A 12-year-old patient has an epiphyseal lesion. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Giant cell tumor • Aneurysmal bone cyst • Eosinophilic granuloma • Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica • Chondroblastoma #7

  3. A 12-year-old patient has an epiphyseal lesion. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Giant cell tumor • Aneurysmal bone cyst • Eosinophilic granuloma • Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica • Chondroblastoma #7

  4. An 80-year-old woman reports the sudden development of pain in the left distal thigh. She denies any history of trauma. Figures 9a through 9d show radiographs, a bone scan, and a biopsy specimen. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Enchondroma • Osteosarcoma • Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma • Metastatic breast carcinoma • Paget’s disease #23

  5. An 80-year-old woman reports the sudden development of pain in the left distal thigh. She denies any history of trauma. Figures 9a through 9d show radiographs, a bone scan, and a biopsy specimen. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Enchondroma • Osteosarcoma • Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma • Metastatic breast carcinoma • Paget’s disease #23

  6. A 75-year-old woman reports an enlarging mass around her right thigh. Figures 15a through 15d show radiographs and biopsy specimens. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Metastatic breast carcinoma • Multiple myeloma • Myositis ossificans • Chondrosarcoma • Osteosarcoma #47

  7. A 75-year-old woman reports an enlarging mass around her right thigh. Figures 15a through 15d show radiographs and biopsy specimens. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Metastatic breast carcinoma • Multiple myeloma • Myositis ossificans • Chondrosarcoma • Osteosarcoma #47

  8. For which of the following skeletal tumors is radiation therapy routinely used for definitive local control? • Osteogenic sarcoma • Ewing’s sarcoma • Chondrosarcoma • Pleomorphic sarcoma • Paget’s sarcoma #65

  9. For which of the following skeletal tumors is radiation therapy routinely used for definitive local control? • Osteogenic sarcoma • Ewing’s sarcoma • Chondrosarcoma • Pleomorphic sarcoma • Paget’s sarcoma #65

  10. A 14-year-old girl reports right hip discomfort with activities. An AP radiograph is shown in Figure 24a, and coronal T1-weighted and axial T2-weighted MRI scans are shown in Figures 24b and 24c, respectively. A biopsy specimen is shown in Figure 24d. What is the treatment of choice for this tumor? • Surgery only • Surgery and chemotherapy • Surgery and radiation therapy • Chemotherapy only • Chemotherapy and radiation therapy #78

  11. A 14-year-old girl reports right hip discomfort with activities. An AP radiograph is shown in Figure 24a, and coronal T1-weighted and axial T2-weighted MRI scans are shown in Figures 24b and 24c, respectively. A biopsy specimen is shown in Figure 24d. What is the treatment of choice for this tumor? • Surgery only • Surgery and chemotherapy • Surgery and radiation therapy • Chemotherapy only • Chemotherapy and radiation therapy #78

  12. A 25-year-old man reports progressive wrist pain and swelling. An AP radiograph and biopsy specimen are shown in Figures 25a and 25b. Management should consist of • below-elbow amputation. • bisphosphonate treatment. • nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. • chemotherapy followed by wide surgical resection. • intralesional resection and reconstruction #79

  13. A 25-year-old man reports progressive wrist pain and swelling. An AP radiograph and biopsy specimen are shown in Figures 25a and 25b. Management should consist of • below-elbow amputation. • bisphosphonate treatment. • nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. • chemotherapy followed by wide surgical resection. • intralesional resection and reconstruction #79

  14. A 57-year-old man was diagnosed with localized prostate carcinoma 3 years ago, with negative margins and negative lymph nodes. He now reports a 3-week history of severe right hip pain that is worse with weight bearing. Radiographs are shown in Figures 26a and 26b. CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, as well as whole body scan, are negative for other lesions.What is the next most appropriate step in treatment? • Right hip hemiarthroplasty • Locked intramedullary rod placement in the right femur • Biopsy of the right femur • Hip disarticulation • Curettage, cementation, and plate fixation #84

  15. A 57-year-old man was diagnosed with localized prostate carcinoma 3 years ago, with negative margins and negative lymph nodes. He now reports a 3-week history of severe right hip pain that is worse with weight bearing. Radiographs are shown in Figures 26a and 26b. CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, as well as whole body scan, are negative for other lesions.What is the next most appropriate step in treatment? • Right hip hemiarthroplasty • Locked intramedullary rod placement in the right femur • Biopsy of the right femur • Hip disarticulation • Curettage, cementation, and plate fixation #84

  16. A 12-year-old boy sustained a knee injury in a fall off his bike. The patient reports that his knee pain improved the day after injury. Radiographs shown in Figures 30a and 30b reveal a lesion in the distal femur. Management should consist of • open biopsy and intralesional excision. • CT-guided needle biopsy and antimicrobial therapy. • curettage and autogenous iliac crest bone grafting. • anti-inflammatory drugs as needed. • observation and follow-up. #96

  17. A 12-year-old boy sustained a knee injury in a fall off his bike. The patient reports that his knee pain improved the day after injury. Radiographs shown in Figures 30a and 30b reveal a lesion in the distal femur. Management should consist of • open biopsy and intralesional excision. • CT-guided needle biopsy and antimicrobial therapy. • curettage and autogenous iliac crest bone grafting. • anti-inflammatory drugs as needed. • observation and follow-up. #96

  18. A 72-year-old man with a history of smoking 40 packs of cigarettes per year underwent successful left total hip arthroplasty 10 years ago. He now reports a 2-month history of progressive right hip pain. An AP pelvic radiograph and CT scan are shown in Figures 35a and 35b. What is the next most appropriate step in management? • Immediate cemented right total hip arthroplasty • Open reduction and internal fixation of the acetabular fracture • Activity modification, IV bisphosphonates, and follow-up in 6 weeks • Technetium Tc 99m scan and CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis • Radiation therapy #109

  19. A 72-year-old man with a history of smoking 40 packs of cigarettes per year underwent successful left total hip arthroplasty 10 years ago. He now reports a 2-month history of progressive right hip pain. An AP pelvic radiograph and CT scan are shown in Figures 35a and 35b. What is the next most appropriate step in management? • Immediate cemented right total hip arthroplasty • Open reduction and internal fixation of the acetabular fracture • Activity modification, IV bisphosphonates, and follow-up in 6 weeks • Technetium Tc 99m scan and CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis • Radiation therapy #109

  20. Which of the following tumors has the greatest potential to metastasize to the lung? • Osteoblastoma • Enostosis • Desmoplastic fibroma • Giant cell tumor • Enchondroma #114

  21. Which of the following tumors has the greatest potential to metastasize to the lung? • Osteoblastoma • Enostosis • Desmoplastic fibroma • Giant cell tumor • Enchondroma #114

  22. A 25-year-old man has had intermittent swelling in the left thenar eminence of the past few months. He describes the onset of a dull ache associated with the swelling. An AP radiograph is shown in Figure 39. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Lipoma • Hemangioma • Synovial sarcoma • Ewing’s family of tumor • Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath #119

  23. A 25-year-old man has had intermittent swelling in the left thenar eminence of the past few months. He describes the onset of a dull ache associated with the swelling. An AP radiograph is shown in Figure 39. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Lipoma • Hemangioma • Synovial sarcoma • Ewing’s family of tumor • Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath #119

  24. Which of the following diseases of bone (when nonmetastatic at diagnosis) carries the worst prognosis for 5-year survival? • Lymphoma • Osteosarcoma • Ewing’s sarcoma • Paget’s sarcoma • Conventional chondrosarcoma #137

  25. Which of the following diseases of bone (when nonmetastatic at diagnosis) carries the worst prognosis for 5-year survival? • Lymphoma • Osteosarcoma • Ewing’s sarcoma • Paget’s sarcoma • Conventional chondrosarcoma #137

  26. A 2-year-old boy has a limp and anterior bowing of the leg. A lateral radiograph is shown in Figure 52. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Unicameral bone cyst • Osteofibrous dysplasia • Adamantinoma • Ewing’s sarcoma • Metastatic neuroblastoma #147

  27. A 2-year-old boy has a limp and anterior bowing of the leg. A lateral radiograph is shown in Figure 52. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Unicameral bone cyst • Osteofibrous dysplasia • Adamantinoma • Ewing’s sarcoma • Metastatic neuroblastoma #147

  28. A 16-year-old girl has had vague right hip pain for the past 2 months. An AP radiograph of the pelvis and a T1-weighted fat suppression, gadolinium-enhanced MRI scan are shown in Figures 62a and 62b. A biopsy specimen is shown in Figure 62c. What characteristic genetic translocation is associated with this disease? • t(X;18) • t(2;13) • t(9;22) • t(11;22) • t(12;16) #161

  29. A 16-year-old girl has had vague right hip pain for the past 2 months. An AP radiograph of the pelvis and a T1-weighted fat suppression, gadolinium-enhanced MRI scan are shown in Figures 62a and 62b. A biopsy specimen is shown in Figure 62c. What characteristic genetic translocation is associated with this disease? • t(X;18) • t(2;13) • t(9;22) • t(11;22) • t(12;16) #161

  30. A 2-year-old girl has a mass and erythema in her right hand. She has no recent history of fever, chills, or sore throat. Examination reveals no lymphadenopathy. Figures 64a through 64f show a radiograph, MRI scans, clinical photograph, and a biopsy specimen. Treatment should consist of • chemotherapy and wide resection. • ray amputation. • curettage and allogenic bone grafting. • curettage and antimicrobial treatment. • bone marrow injection. #167

  31. A 2-year-old girl has a mass and erythema in her right hand. She has no recent history of fever, chills, or sore throat. Examination reveals no lymphadenopathy. Figures 64a through 64f show a radiograph, MRI scans, clinical photograph, and a biopsy specimen. Treatment should consist of • chemotherapy and wide resection. • ray amputation. • curettage and allogenic bone grafting. • curettage and antimicrobial treatment. • bone marrow injection. #167

  32. Which of the following diseases is most likely to develop in a patient with hereditary retinoblastoma? • Squamous cell carcinoma • Colon carcinoma • Transitional cell carcinoma • Chondrosarcoma • Osteogenic sarcoma #190

  33. Which of the following diseases is most likely to develop in a patient with hereditary retinoblastoma? • Squamous cell carcinoma • Colon carcinoma • Transitional cell carcinoma • Chondrosarcoma • Osteogenic sarcoma #190

  34. With current chemotherapy regimens, what is a typical 5-year survival rate for patients with nonmetastatic high-grade osteogenic sarcoma? • Less than 5% • 20% • 50% • 70% • 90% #197

  35. With current chemotherapy regimens, what is a typical 5-year survival rate for patients with nonmetastatic high-grade osteogenic sarcoma? • Less than 5% • 20% • 50% • 70% • 90% #197

  36. A 67-year-old woman has a painless lump in the adductor compartment of the thigh. Axial T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans are shown in Figures 82a and 82b. A biopsy specimen is shown in Figure 82c. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Liposarcoma • Lipoma • Neurofibroma • Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor • Pleomorphic sarcoma #207

  37. A 67-year-old woman has a painless lump in the adductor compartment of the thigh. Axial T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans are shown in Figures 82a and 82b. A biopsy specimen is shown in Figure 82c. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Liposarcoma • Lipoma • Neurofibroma • Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor • Pleomorphic sarcoma #207

  38. Figures 85a and 85b show the radiographs of a 17-year-old boy who has had ankle pain for the past 2 months. A biopsy specimen is shown in Figure 85c. CD99 immunohistochemistry staining of the tumor is positive. After staging, what is the next most appropriate step in management? • Chemotherapy • Curettage, culture, and antibiotics • Curettage and cementation • Wide resection • Radiation therapy #214

  39. Figures 85a and 85b show the radiographs of a 17-year-old boy who has had ankle pain for the past 2 months. A biopsy specimen is shown in Figure 85c. CD99 immunohistochemistry staining of the tumor is positive. After staging, what is the next most appropriate step in management? • Chemotherapy • Curettage, culture, and antibiotics • Curettage and cementation • Wide resection • Radiation therapy #214

  40. A low-grade, soft-tissue sarcoma of the thigh is completely excised. What is the first most common location for recurrence? • Thigh • Lymph nodes • Skeleton • Liver • Lung #225

  41. A low-grade, soft-tissue sarcoma of the thigh is completely excised. What is the first most common location for recurrence? • Thigh • Lymph nodes • Skeleton • Liver • Lung #225

  42. A bone marrow biopsy is a routine part of the staging work-up for what type of sarcoma? • Osteosarcoma • Synovial sarcoma • Ewing’s sarcoma • Fibrosarcoma • Chondrosarcoma #239

  43. A bone marrow biopsy is a routine part of the staging work-up for what type of sarcoma? • Osteosarcoma • Synovial sarcoma • Ewing’s sarcoma • Fibrosarcoma • Chondrosarcoma #239

  44. Osteosarcoma most commonly metastasizes to the lung. What is the second most common site of metastasis? • Lymph node • Brain • Bone • Spleen • Liver #243

  45. Osteosarcoma most commonly metastasizes to the lung. What is the second most common site of metastasis? • Lymph node • Brain • Bone • Spleen • Liver #243

  46. A 46-year-old woman has a 3-cm soft-tissue mass in the subcutaneous forearm. With the expectation that the patient has a lipoma, a marginal excision of the lesion is performed. The pathology report shows it to be a high-grade sarcoma. Staging studies confirm no evidence of metastases, and a postexcision MRI with contrast shows no evidence of residual tumor. What is the next most appropriate step in management? • Amputation • Wide surgical re-excision • Radiation therapy without additional surgery • Observation with follow-up MRI studies, followed by re-excision and radiation therapy if there is a recurrence • Chemotherapy #249

  47. A 46-year-old woman has a 3-cm soft-tissue mass in the subcutaneous forearm. With the expectation that the patient has a lipoma, a marginal excision of the lesion is performed. The pathology report shows it to be a high-grade sarcoma. Staging studies confirm no evidence of metastases, and a postexcision MRI with contrast shows no evidence of residual tumor. What is the next most appropriate step in management? • Amputation • Wide surgical re-excision • Radiation therapy without additional surgery • Observation with follow-up MRI studies, followed by re-excision and radiation therapy if there is a recurrence • Chemotherapy #249

  48. Examination of a 52-year-old man with a 4-week history of hip pain reveals a destructive, lytic proximal femoral lesion. He has no history of malignancy. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Lymphoma • Metastatic carcinoma • Chondrosarcoma • Osteosarcoma • Paget’s sarcoma of bone #260

  49. Examination of a 52-year-old man with a 4-week history of hip pain reveals a destructive, lytic proximal femoral lesion. He has no history of malignancy. What is the most likely diagnosis? • Lymphoma • Metastatic carcinoma • Chondrosarcoma • Osteosarcoma • Paget’s sarcoma of bone #260

  50. Orthopaedic Diseases OITE 2006

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