Housekeeping

1. Housekeeping • From last week, if you have not already submitted the following on hard-copy or via email, they are DUE NOW: • Email address (named Policymaking on your grade sheet) • Unit 1 Homework • Today’s Instruction – US Constitutional Principles and Nevada and its Constitution • In-class Assignments • Checks and Balances • The US Constitution • State Making – Nevada Constitution • Due next unit – January 6th • Unit 2 Homework Assignment • Quiz #1 – covers units 1 & 2 • Project Topic due for submission

2. 2 The Constitution

3. 2 Video: The Big Picture http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/OConner_Ch02_The_Constitution_Seg1_v2.html

4. A constitution is the fundamental law by which a state or nation is organized and governed • Establishes a framework for government • Assigns powers and responsibilities to different government branches • Defines the relationship between the people and their government

5. 2 Video: The Basics http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg2_Constitution_v2.html

6. 2.1 Roots of the New American Nation • Trade and Taxation • First Steps Toward Independence • First Continental Congress • Second Continental Congress • Declaration of Independence

7. 2.1 Trade and Taxation • Mercantilism • Strict import/export controls • Widely ignored • Costly French and Indian War • New taxes on sugar (Sugar Act) and paper items (Stamp Act) • “No taxation without representation”

8. First Steps Toward Independence Stamp Act Congress formed to address grievances Boston Massacre 2.1

9. 2.1 What really happened at the Boston Massacre?

10. First Steps Toward Independence Committees of Correspondence build public opinion against Britain Boston Tea Party Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) Quartering of British troops 2.1

11. 2.1 First and Second Continental Congresses • First Continental Congress (Sept. 1774) • Battle of Lexington and Concord • Second Continental Congress (May 1775) • Olive Branch Petition (July 5, 1775) • Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

12. Causes of Revolution • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rZKCegwnCU

13. 2.1 Declaration of Independence • Thomas Jefferson – principal author • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyH9HoVyJiY • John Locke • Social contract theory • Life, liberty, and property • Individual rights

14. John Locke No, not this guy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ZzXGdMRSF0 He based his theories upon the idea that people had lived in a "state of nature" and through a social contract they agreed to accept a legal and binding political system with other citizens running government. It is the people's duty to get rid of a government that is not doing the people’s work………. ***REVOLUTION***

15. 2.2 First Attempt at Government: The Articles of Confederation • Problems Under the Articles of Confederation

16. 2.2 Problems Under the Articles of Confederation • No power to tax • No power to regulate commerce • No executive to implement laws • No judicial system • No coercive power over states

17. 2.2 2.2What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create? • Direct democracy • Confederacy • Republic • Federal government

18. 2.2 2.2What type of government did the Articles of Confederation create? • Direct democracy • Confederacy • Republic • Federal government

19. 2.3 Miracle at Philadelphia: Writing the U.S. Constitution • Characteristics and Motives of the Framers • Virginia and New Jersey Plans • Constitutional Compromises • Unfinished Business: Executive Branch

20. 2.3 Characteristics and Motives of the Framers • All wealthy white males • Mostly young • Some slave owners • Relatively educated • Social motives • Maintain social order which benefited them • Economic motives • Maintain property rights which benefited them

21. 2.3 Virginia and New Jersey Plans • Virginia Plan • Large states • Powerful central government • Representation based on population • New Jersey Plan • Small states • Weak central government • Representation by state

22. 2.3 Constitutional Compromises • Great Compromise – without this compromise, the Constitution never gets written • Bicameral legislature • Number of representatives based on population • Representatives directly elected • States given equal votes in Senate • Senators elected by state legislatures • National power supreme

23. 2.3 Constitutional Compromises • Issue of Slavery • No limits for 20 years • Three-Fifths Compromise • Representation determined by counting slaves as three-fifths of a person • Gave southern states more representatives • Without this compromise, the constitution never gets written • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGP3gHReI4Q

24. 2.3 Unfinished Business: Executive Branch • One-person executive • 4-year term • Electoral College • Impeachment

25. 2.3 2.3How was the disagreement over the Virginia and New Jersey Plans resolved? • The Three-Fifths Compromise • Checks and balances • Creation of a bicameral legislature • Electoral College

26. 2.3 2.3How was the disagreement over the Virginia and New Jersey Plans resolved? • The Three-Fifths Compromise • Checks and balances • Creation of a bicameral legislature • Electoral College

27. 2.4 U.S. Constitution • Basic Principles of the Constitution • Articles of the Constitution

28. 2.4 Basic Principles of the Constitution • Federalism • Power divided between national and state governments • National government considered supreme • Power derived from the people • http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=jn54hCIxF3Q

29. 2.4 Basic Principles of the Constitution • Separation of Powers • Executive branch • Legislative branch • Judicial branch • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nnqk-yGzYYg • Checks and Balances • Each branch has powers to check the other two branches

30. Checks and Balances …..Writing Activity Working in groups of 3 or 4, look at figure 2.1 on page 40 of your textbook. Read SEPARATION OF POWERS and CHECKS AND BALANCES on pages 40-41. On a sheet of paper with all of the group’s names on it, create a real-life example of two, different checks that one branch has on another branch.

31. 2.4 FIGURE 2.1: What are the separation of powers and checks and balances under the U.S. Constitution?

32. Video: In the Real World 2.4 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg5_Constitution_v2.html

33. 2.4 Articles of the Constitution • Article I: Legislative branch • Article II: Executive branch • Article III: Judiciary branch • Articles IV through VII

34. 2.4 Articles of the Constitution • Article I: Legislative branch • Enumerated powers • Necessary and proper clause • Also called the Elastic clause • Implied powers

35. 2.4 Articles of the Constitution • Article II: Executive branch • commander in chief • authority to make treaties and federal appointments • execute the laws faithfully

36. Articles of the Constitution Article III: Judiciary branch Articles IV through VII Full faith and credit Supremacy clause Amendment process 2.4

37. 2.4 2.4Which clause makes federal laws supersede conflicting state laws? • Necessary and proper clause • Full faith and credit clause • Elastic clause • Supremacy clause

38. 2.4 2.4Which clause makes federal laws supersede conflicting state laws? • Necessary and proper clause • Full faith and credit clause • Elastic clause • Supremacy clause

39. 2.5 Drive for Ratification of the Constitution • Federalists versus Anti-Federalists • The Federalist Papers • Ratifying the Constitution • Bill of Rights

40. 2.5 Federalists Versus Anti-Federalists • Federalists favoured strong national government • Anti-Federalists favoured strong state governments • Ratification process was contentious

41. 2.5 TABLE 2.2: What were the differences Between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists?

42. 2.5 The Federalist Papers • 85 essays by Federalists • Alexander Hamilton (51) • James Madison(26) • John Jay(3) • Appeared in New York newspapers • Theoretical, scholarly • Anti-Federalists responded with critique of Constitution

43. 2.5 The Bill of Rights • Condition of ratification • Sought by Anti-Federalists to protect civil liberties • First ten amendments to Constitution

44. 2.5 2.5What did the Anti-Federalists fear? • A strong national government • A weak national government • Strong state governments • Limited taxing power

45. 2.5 2.5What did the Anti-Federalists fear? • A strong national government • A weak national government • Strong state governments • Limited taxing power

46. US Constitution Writing Assignment On page 51 of your textbook, select any six (6) items in the section named LEARN THE TERMS, And on a separate sheet of paper with your name on it, define them. Please underline the term followed by the definition.

47. 2.6 Toward Reform: Methods of Amending the Constitution • Formal Methods of Amending the Constitution • Informal Methods of Amending the Constitution

48. 2.6 Formal Methods of Amending the Constitution • Proposal • Two-thirds members of both houses • Two-thirds of state legislatures • Never used • Ratification • Vote in state legislature • Vote in ratifying convention

49. 2.6 FIGURE 2.2: How can the U.S. Constitution be amended?

50. 2.6 Which is the only constitutional amendment to be repealed?