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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND. THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION. Successful centralization without absolutism. Strong, centralized government. Parliamentary, aristocratic control. Resolution of religious & political conflict through bloody civil war.

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CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

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  1. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND

  2. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND THE ENGLISH EXCEPTION • Successful centralization without absolutism • Strong, centralized government • Parliamentary, aristocratic control • Resolution of religious & political conflict through bloody civil war

  3. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17TH CENTURY TURMOIL • James I (r. 1601-1625) • Royal absolutist • Increasingly at odds with Parliament

  4. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17TH CENTURY TURMOIL • Charles I (r. 1625-1649) • Increasing demands for money to pay for wars • Increasing antagonism with Parliament

  5. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17TH CENTURY TURMOIL • Parliament’s increasing concerns • Many Puritan members • Resisted increasing authority of monarch • Resisted increasing taxation

  6. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17TH CENTURY TURMOIL • Charles I (r. 1625-1649) • Ruled without Parliament for 11 years • Imposed illegal taxes

  7. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17TH CENTURY TURMOIL • Scottish Rebellion - 1639 • Charles needs money from Parliament • Forced into major concessions • abolition of Star Chamber & High Commission

  8. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17TH CENTURY TURMOIL • Civil War -1642 • King’s forces v. “Roundheads” • Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) • Cromwell’s forces defeated king’s, 1645

  9. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17THCENTURYTURMOIL • King rallied in 1647, but defeated again in 1648 • Cromwell pressed for execution of Charles I • Drove opposition out of Parliament • Executed Charles I, 1649

  10. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND 17THCENTURYTURMOIL • Cromwell’s Republic • Problems in Ireland & Scotland • Opposition in England • Dissolved Parliament, 1653 & declared himself Lord Protector • Died in 1658, son becomes Lord Protector Cromwell subduing Irish revolt, 1649

  11. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND THE RESTORATION • Charles II (r. 1660-1685) • Restored monarchy, Parliament, Anglican Church • Parliament passed far-reaching legislation • Sympathy for Catholics raised suspicions • Test Act

  12. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND CONTINUED TROUBLES • James II (r. 1685-1688) • Whigs: opposed king • Tories: supported king • James soon antagonized both groups

  13. CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ENGLAND THE “GLORIOUSREVOLUTION” • United opposition to James II • Invite William of Orange & Mary to rule, on certain conditions • Bill of Rights - 1689 • Toleration Act – 1698 • Act of Settlement - 1701 • Established rule of aristocracy WILLIAM & MARY (r. 1689-1702)

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