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Constitutionalism

Constitutionalism. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy. London, England. Some Vocab. Constitutionalism: Laws limit the rulers power

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Constitutionalism

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  1. Constitutionalism Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

  2. London, England

  3. Some Vocab • Constitutionalism: Laws limit the rulers power • Parliament: The legislative body of government in England and other parts of the world. They check the power of the monarch and make laws. Similar to Congress in the USA.

  4. * James I—King of England 1603-1625 (Remember Elizabeth died w/o an heir. He was already James VI of Scotland and her cousin.) -believed in divine right of kings -struggled with Parliament over money -he was a Calvinist, yet refused to make Puritan reforms like getting rid of bishops -He seemed to favor the Catholics because he didn’t cater to the Puritans (who were extreme Protestants). Monarchs Clash with Parliament

  5. Charles I -Began taxing w/o Par. consent -When Par. objected, he dissolved (dismissed) Parliament -Petition of Right 1628 (he ignores it in the end) -Charles agreed to: 1) not imprison subjects w/o due cause 2) not levy high taxes w/o Par. consent 3) not house soldiers in private homes -quartering 4) not impose martial law in peacetime -yet it was important, indicating the law was higher than the king - “Long Parliament” forces king to sign Triennial Act (Par. Must be called every 3 years)

  6. English Civil War (1642-1649) -Charles I wanted both his kingdoms (England and Scotland which he inherited through his grandmother, Mary Queen of Scots) to follow one religion. -the Scots rebelled (Presbyterian) -Charles I needed $ to fight the Scots -called on Parliament -Par. used this opportunity to pass laws limiting royal power and wouldn’t give him an army -angered Charles I -raised his own army

  7. Execution of the King • More Religious Issues • Charles had married a French Catholic • Seemed too sympathetic to the Cath. Church • Tried to bring back more ritual to the Anglican Church of England • Angered the Puritans • Execution (regicide), 1649 • The Puritans demanded that Charles be tried for treason after the Civil War

  8. Parliament: London, England

  9. Oliver Cromwell (r.1653-1658) *English Civil War:1642-1649 -Royalists/Cavaliers = supported Charles I -Roundheads = Puritan supporters of Par. *Oliver Cromwell -Led the Roundheads -Defeated Cavaliers -Put Charles on trial for treason, beheaded 1649 -Created a republican form of govt. -Promoted religious tolerance -Ruled until 1658 as a dictator

  10. Cromwell Statue in Front of Westminster Abbey

  11. Restoration and Revolution -Charles II succeeded Cromwell (elected by Par.) 1660 -restored the monarchy -habeas corpus 1679 -gave every prisoner the right to trial -James II and the Glorious Revolution -1685 James II came to power -Catholic bro of Charles II -Parliament members helped overthrow James II -put Mary (daughter of James) and William of Orange on the throne -bloodless revolution 1688

  12. William and Mary

  13. Political Changes -Constitutional Monarchy -Laws limit the ruler’s power -English Bill of Rights 1689 -Listed what a ruler could not do -Cabinet system develops -Group of gov’t ministers representing Par. -Model for U.S. gov’t

  14. Quickwrite • In what ways did the English monarchs of the 17th and 18th century challenge the concept of Constitutionalism? (In other words, what did they do to oppose the English Parliament?)

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