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CONSTITUTIONALISM

CONSTITUTIONALISM. England. Henry VIII and his six (!) wives Pope delays giving an annulment divorced, beheaded, died/ divorced, beheaded, survived internal dissention erupts over religion - Act of Supremacy 1534 Mary Tudor and Catholicism. Hi! I’m Henry!. Elizabeth I.

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CONSTITUTIONALISM

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  1. CONSTITUTIONALISM

  2. England • Henry VIII and his six (!) wives • Pope delays giving an annulment • divorced, beheaded, died/ divorced, beheaded, survived • internal dissention erupts over religion - Act of Supremacy 1534 • Mary Tudor and Catholicism. Hi! I’m Henry!

  3. Elizabeth I • daughter of Henry’s second wife - reigns from 1558-1603 • “Virgin” Queen • Catholic or Protestant? • Church of England • conflict with Mary Queen of Scots • Spanish Armada • Shakespeare.

  4. The Revolutions • 1630’s State oppression of Puritans (reason for so many immigrants to the New World) • role of Puritanism • leads to Civil War • Parliament (Roundheads) against the royal forces (Cavaliers) • victory for Parliament. Puritan Woman c. 1640

  5. Beheading of Charles I - 1649

  6. Oliver Cromwell(1599-1658) • 1649 Charles I is executed by Parliament • 1649-1660 Rule by Cromwell • Raised as a strict Puritan • rules as Lord Protector of the Realm • restoration of the Stuart monarchs in 1660 ends the Commonwealth.

  7. The Restoration and Revolution • “Glorious Revolution” 1688 • William III of Orange and Mary (James’ daughter) gain throne • role of religion • right to rule rested with “the King in parliament” • Influence on notions of government - John Locke.

  8. Why did England fail to be an absolute monarchy? • Right to rule rests with “the King in parliament” • faced strong tradition in Parliament - those running Parliament actually run the country • Leaders were personally inept.

  9. The Netherlands • Part of the inheritance of Phillip II • Industrial region for all the Spanish Empire.

  10. The Netherlands • Beginnings of revolt • high taxes • drastic imposition of Catholicism- inquisition and heresy trials • 17 provinces united versus Spain • 7 Protestant provinces earn freedom in 1648.

  11. The Netherlands • Social and Economic Issues • High Population • Trade as source of wealth • Amsterdam as an Entrepot • Dutch Golden Age • Vermeer • Rembrandt.

  12. Girl interrupted at her music - Vermeer

  13. The milkmaid - Vermeer

  14. Woman holding a balance - Vermeer

  15. The Syndics - Rembrandt

  16. The Jewish Bride - Rembrandt

  17. Self portrait with two circles - Rembrandt

  18. Anatomy Lesson - Rembrandt

  19. Sweden • Gustavus Adolphus “The Lion of the North” • military innovations • volley fire by lines • field artillery and conscription • intervention in the 30 years war (following an attempt to place a Protestant King on the throne of Bohemia) against Russia and the Hapsburgs • went against absolutism trend - incorporated the Riksdag in major decisions • controlled the entire Baltic Sea.

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