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INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY. BY LT CDR V PRAVIN. GUIDED BY DR D SAMANTA. NANOTECHNOLOGY. THE REVOLUTION OF ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS SALIENT FEATURES WORKING PRINCIPLE APPROACH, CONCEPTS & STRUCTURE APPLICATIONS

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INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY BY LT CDR V PRAVIN GUIDED BY DR D SAMANTA

  2. NANOTECHNOLOGY THE REVOLUTION OF ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES

  3. CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS • SALIENT FEATURES • WORKING PRINCIPLE • APPROACH, CONCEPTS & STRUCTURE • APPLICATIONS • CONCLUSION

  4. Richard P. Feynman

  5. FEYNMAN There is a plenty of room at the bottom The principles of physics do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom

  6. SO WHAT IS IT? • Anything smaller than Molecular technology • Size of nanoscale • Every atom in the right place • Zettatechnology

  7. SO WHAT IS IT? Nanotechnology is basically mechanisms that have been built by nanoscale components using to place every atom and molecule in a desired place

  8. Extending…… • MNT Molecular Nano Technology • NSE Nano Scale Engineering • MMT Molecular Manufacturing Technology • MMS Molecular Machine System

  9. IN NUTSHELL • LIFE SCIENCE • PHYSICAL SCIENCE • MATERIAL SCIENCE • INFORMATION SCIENCE

  10. NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS

  11. UNDERSTANDING SIZE How big (small) are we talking about?

  12. UNDERSTANDING SIZE • 1 meter

  13. UNDERSTANDING SIZE • 10 centimeters

  14. UNDERSTANDING SIZE • 1 centimeter

  15. UNDERSTANDING SIZE • 100 micrometers

  16. UNDERSTANDING SIZE • 10 micrometers

  17. UNDERSTANDING SIZE • 1 micrometer

  18. UNDERSTANDING SIZE • 100 nanometers

  19. UNDERSTANDING SIZE • 10 nanometers

  20. UNDERSTANDING SIZE • 1 nanometer

  21. NANOMETER………..(nm) A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10-9 m). This is roughly ten times the size of an individual atom.

  22. SALIENT FEATURES

  23. SALIENT FEATURES • At atomic and molecular scales, in the length scale of approximately 1 - 100 nanometer range • Fundamentally new properties and functions because of their nanoscale structure

  24. SALIENT FEATURES • Ability to control , to see, measure, and manipulate matter on the atomic scale to exploit those properties and functions • Ability to integrate those properties and functions into systems spanning from nano- to macro-scopic scales

  25. WORKING OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

  26. How does Nanotechnology work? 1.Atomsare the building blocks for all matter in our universe. 2. Atoms and molecules stick together because they have complementary shapes that lock together, or charges that attract. Just like with magnets, a positively charged atom will stick to a negatively charged atom.

  27. Every atom has a exhibits different property at various conditions • The goal of nanotechnology is to manipulate atoms individually and place them in a pattern to produce a desired structure.

  28. APPROACHES.. • Two approaches can be taken when making something at the nano scale: • Top-Down approach • Bottom-Up approach

  29. TOP DOWN APPROACH • The top-down approach is analogous to making a stone statue. • The process involves wastage. • Used in fibres • Seldom used in MNT

  30. BOTTOM UP APPROACH • Approach one would take to building a house • Less wastage, as strong covalent bonds will hold the constituent parts together. • Limited in how big the structures can be made • Approach used currently

  31. MANIPULATION • Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) • Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) • Virtual Surface Profiling Microscope (VSPM)

  32. CONCEPTS • Direct Molecular Assembly (DMA) • Indirect Crystalline Assembly (ICA) • Massive Parallel Assembly (MPA)

  33. STRUCTURE • Nano composites • Nano spheres • Nano crystals • Nano tubes & Quantum dots

  34. OBSTACLES • Fragile and unstable nature of nanoparticles • Fusing together of nano particles when their surfaces touch • Loss of special shape and properties

  35. APPLICATIONS

  36. COMPUTERS • Single atom can be in two places, hence 03 atoms can represent all eight nos at a given time. • Extrapolation of the above fact . • Each logic elements made from a few atoms • Mass storage device in size of a sugar cube

  37. COMPUTERS • Tiny nano-engineered ferroelectric crystals could realize of creating nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM). • Cool chips

  38. MEDICINE • Fluids of nano particles • Slow down ageing process • No scar surgeries • Artificial limbs

  39. MEDICINE • Cancer and HIV • Nano filters- capable of absorbing viruses • Nano catalyst – improves efficiency of a reaction.

  40. Applications Contd • Agriculture • Space • Military • Telecommunication

  41. Applications Contd.. • Sports • Energy • Environment • ………..

  42. FEAR • Nuclear and atomic bombs can have different dimensions • Cloning and miniaturization • Nano medicine- worrying factor!

  43. CONCLUSION • Improvements and developments in existing products, such as stronger and lighter materials. • Potential to initiate completely new products and industries that do not exist today

  44. CONCLUSION BIG FUTURE FOR THE TINY TECHNOLOGY

  45. In the end...... • As the size decreases...computer will compute faster, materials will be more stronger, medicine will cure more diseases. • The technology that works at the nanometer scale of molecules and atom will be a large part of this future.

  46. REFERENCES • Springer handbook of nanotechnology • http://peterindia.net/nanotechnology • http://microcosm.web.cern.ch. • http://nanotoxicology.ufl.edu • http://nanotech-now.com • http://nanobot.info

  47. THE NEXT BIG THING IS REALLY SMALL

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