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EPA’s Wood Smoke Program PM 2.5 Reduction Strategies

EPA’s Wood Smoke Program PM 2.5 Reduction Strategies . Larry Brockman Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards RTP, NC Oct. 24, 2012. Why Care About Residential Wood Smoke?. Fine particle pollution (PM2.5) ~13% (350,000 tons) of total PM2.5 direct emissions ~More than all of the:

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EPA’s Wood Smoke Program PM 2.5 Reduction Strategies

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  1. EPA’s Wood Smoke Program PM2.5 Reduction Strategies Larry Brockman Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards RTP, NC Oct. 24, 2012

  2. Why Care About Residential Wood Smoke? • Fine particle pollution (PM2.5) ~13% (350,000 tons) of total PM2.5 direct emissions ~More than all of the: • US petroleum refineries • Cement manufactures • Pulp and paper plants combined

  3. Low stacks • Poor dispersion 3 Photo: Makah Tribe

  4. Why Care About Residential Wood Smoke? • 9 million existing old inefficient wood stoves • 17 fireplaces • 500,000 hydronic heaters • Dozens of areas with significant wood smoke problems • Neighbors being smoked out

  5. PM2.5 Reduction Strategies for Non-attainment and Near NA Areas • Wood Burning Appliance Replacement • Cleaner Fireplaceand Hydronic Heater Models • Burn Wise Education • Funding for Replacements • PM Advance

  6. Before After EPA-certified stove Old stove

  7. Emission Reductions Achieved: • For every 100 stoves replaced with a cleaner burning stove: • C0 25 tons/year • VOC 7 tons/year • PM2.5 3.5 tons/year • HAPs 0.5 tons/year

  8. Nationwide Progress • 50 communities implemented woodstove replacements • 24,000+ old stoves and fireplaces replaced/retrofitted • 370 tons of PM2.5 reduced per year • 63 tons of toxic air pollutants reduced per year • $135 to $329 million in estimated annual health benefits

  9. Benefits of Replacing Old Inefficient Wood Stoves: • Reduces fine particles and toxic air pollution by 70% • Reduces indoor PM2.5 emissions by 50% - 70% • Each old wood stove replaced is equal to eliminating the PM2.5 emissions from five old diesel buses • As a control technology, changeouts are cost-effective at only $3000 per ton of particulate matter *Education and outreach is critical for proper operation and emission reductions

  10. Benefits of changing out all the old wood stoves in the U.S.

  11. Cleaner Hydronic Heaters Available • Label to those that qualify (90% cleaner) • 25 EPA-qualified models on the market today • 10,000 cleaner units sold instead of dirtier units • Avoided 6,100 tons of PM2.5 emissions each year

  12. Hydronic Heater Retrofit Devices

  13. Cleaner Fireplaces Available • Label to those that qualify (70 percent cleaner) • Models tested by an EPA-accredited laboratory • Includes masonry and builder-box models • 16 EPA-qualified models on the market today

  14. Retrofits for Existing Fireplaces: Catalyst Gas-wood hybrid

  15. Burn Wise Education Burn the right wood. Save money and time. Burn only dry, seasoned wood and maintain a hot fire. The right way. Keep your home safer. Have a certified technician install and annually service your appliance. In the right appliance. Make your home healthier. Upgrade to an efficient, EPA-approved wood-burning appliance.

  16. Resources Available: www.epa.gov/burnwise

  17. Wood Moisture 43 lbs of green sugar maple contains 2 gallons of water How do we get the water out of the wood?

  18. “Wet Wood Is A Waste” Split, Stack, Cover and Store Brochure

  19. How Do We Fund Replacements? • Federal Programs • Supplemental Environmental and Mitigation Projects • State/local Programs

  20. Limited Federal Programs: • DOE: Low-income Weatherization • HHS: Low-income Home Energy Assistance Program • USDA: Rural Development Grants/Loans • EPA: Finance Evaluations (e.g.,Puget Sound) • IRS: Tax Credits (currently no federal)

  21. Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEP) and Mitigation Projects: • $5 million+ negotiated thus far • Small ($10K) and larger ($1.9 M) projects • Consent decree and mitigation plan templates • Cost effectively mitigates CO, VOCs, HAPs and PM2.5

  22. Wood Stove Replacement Mitigation Example: Salt River Project, Arizona $750K for replacements • Kicked off June 2010 • Administered by ALA • Funded rebates for anyone and full cost for “income-qualified” • Funded education on proper burning and stove operation Results: 425 stoves replaced, ~half low income

  23. Wood Stove Replacement SEP Example: Interprint Inc., Pittsfield, Mass $300,000 • Replaced 80 stoves in 2010 • Half chose to upgrade to wood pellet or gas • $2,000 incentive for gas and wood pellet • Low-income up to $3,500 subsidy • Managed by the ALA

  24. PM Advance: • Draft guidance available for review soon • Program to begin in 2013 following final PM2.5 NAAQS announcement • Residential wood smoke reduction strategies a key component as well as diesel strategies

  25. PM Advance -- Wood Smoke Strategies • Updated Strategies for Reducing Wood Smoke resource guide • Regulatory options: burn bans, visible emissions, hydronic heater rules • Voluntary options: incentives for fireplaces retrofits & wood stove replacements • Case studies: Sacramento, Libby and others • Wood Burning Control Measures • Comprehensive list of measures • Control efficiency and cost effectiveness • Funding Options • Federal programs, tax credits and industry discounts • Supplemental environmental and mitigation projects • Burn Wise Consumer Education • Burn Clean Tip sheet, Your Wood Stoves Dirty Little Secret brochures • Wet Wood is a Waste brochures, PSA scripts, Burn Wise posters

  26. Recap: Reducing Residential Wood Smoke • Helps areas attain the PM2.5 NAAQS • Prevents other areas from slipping into NA • Helps reduce exposure in areas with no monitors • Key component of PM Advance • Lots of supporting tools available

  27. Additional Slides for your information • The following slides are background to help better explain the issues related to residential wood smoke and programs to address emissions.

  28. What’s in Wood Smoke? “Ah, the sweet smell of wood smoke” - but what makes it so sweet? • CO, VOCs, and Particle Pollution • Toxics, including: • Benzene • Toluene • Aldehyde gases • Polycyclic organic matter

  29. EPA Hydronic Heater Program • Launched in 2007, 70 percent cleaner models qualified for EPA Label (Phase 1) • The goal is to achieve emission reductions sooner than a federal rule • Phase 2, up to 90 percent cleaner than older unqualified units • Models must be tested by an EPA-accredited laboratory

  30. Hydronic Heater/Outdoor Wood Boiler How It Works

  31. Front View of Typical Unit

  32. Fireplace Manufacturer Partnership • Manufacturers sign a Partnership Agreement with EPA to bring cleaner fireplaces to the market • Use a descriptive hang tag that provides information on smoke emissions • Include text in each qualifying owner’s manual on proper operation and maintenance of the fireplace including how and what to burn • Submit sales and test data to EPA on improved fireplaces

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