Geography project presentation

1. Geography project presentation

2. Topic: Traffic problem • Nowadays in Hong Kong, transportation is a hot tropic to discuss. Whatever the transport facilities, traffic congestions, pollution caused by vehicles , these are the subjects that our group would like to talk about.

3. What are the factors arose these problems? Human factors Physical factors

4. Human factors • Increase in population density • Population decentralization • Development of new towns • Large number of commuter works in main urban area • Rapid growth in trade with other parts of China • Increase in movement of goods and passengers • Early transport design cannot meet present demand • Increasing private car ownership due to rising living standard • High concentration of economic activities in C.B.D.

5. Prolonging growing of private car ownership

6. Physical factors • Small area of Hong Kong • Hilly relief • Victoria Harbor separates Kowloon Peninsula and Hong Kong Island so that cross-harbor transport is needed • Blockage of roads by landslide or rockfall

7. What are the problems? • Traffic congestion →→→ More noise and air pollution. • Great economic loss from time wasted in traffic congestion. • Life loss in accidents. • The high inflation rate of the transport fare. • The shortage of parking space, especially in C.B.D. • Insufficient transport facilities to meet increasing traffic demand. • Oil spillage from ships can seriously pollute the sea.

8. Noise pollution caused by public transport Noise complaint in Hong Kong • As the airport have moved to Lantau Island, noise pollution has less affect the public. • Road and rail transport has produced a high level of background noise.

9. Air pollution caused by vehicles Air pollution complaint • The main mobile source of air pollution, which is motor vehicles. They emit most of the lead and carbon monoxide.(一氧化物) • Generally, the air pollution in urban is more serious than the one in rural area. in Hong Kong

10. Accident in Hong Kong • Date:10-7-2003 • Time: Around 8:00am • Location: Tuen Mun Road. • The accident happened in between the Tsuen Wan Town Centre bus stop and the Tai Lam Tunnel Bus Interchange. There were around 40 passengers on the bus when the accident happened; most of them were going to school or going to work. • Result in 21 dead included driver and 20 passengers.

11. Achievable measures taken to mitigate transport problems in Hong Kong Government Public

12. The end After this presentation, we wish all of you can understand the traffic problems in Hong Kong. Thank you for your attention. Group member: • Hui Ka man(24) • Lee Yi Chen(28) • Ng Chi Lan(30)

13. Possible measures taken by Government • Further development of mass transit system, for instance, the Kowloon-Canton Railway West Rail • Improvement of existing road systems, like widening roads • Expansion of public transport services to new towns and remote area • Construction of more roads and tunnels

14. Construction of subways and foot-bridges, in order to decrease accidents • Improvement of the efficiency of existing tunnels, e.g. installation of an auto toll system • Development of an electronic road pricing (ERP) system • Development of a computerized traffic control system • Control of private car ownership, the possibly way are increasing the tax on new cars and registration fee Let’s go and see a Car-Less Villages in Switzerland

16. Operations could be taken by public • Avoid Going out during rush hour • Practice car pool • Attend park and ride scheme • Use staggered office hours • Use less busy transport means and routes • Use more public transport

17. Mass transit systems in Hong Kong KCRC Light Rail MTR

18. More about KCRC • East Rail (the former Kowloon Canton Railway - British Section) operates domestic as well as cross-boundary passenger services to the mainland boundary at Lo Wu. From Hung Hom terminus to Lo Wu Station, the East Rail line covers a distance of 34 kilometres with a total of 13 stations, including a Racecourse Station open on race days. All passenger services are provided by electric multiple unit (EMU) trains. The entire train fleet at present consists of 444 train cars.

19. More about MTR • Since operations began in 1979, the MTR Railway has become one of the most important elements of Hong Kong's transportation network. • The MTR railway is operating a railway network of 87.7 kilometers route with 50 stations. With a daily patronage of over 2.3 million passengers, This system is one of the most intensively utilized systems in the world.

20. Route Map Of MTR

21. More about Light Rail • The Light Rail system was established in 1988 to provide local passenger transport within the North West New Territories (NWNT). As the area's population expanded, so too did Light Rail. • The Light Rail system provides an efficient, reliable and value-for-money service for the one million residents of the rapidly growing new towns of the NWNT. Light Rail will be transformed into a feeder for West Rail while continuing as the major mode of transport in the NWNT.

22. More about West Rail • West Rail is a 30.5km twin-track passenger railway with nine stations, West Rail links up Sham Shui Po in West Kowloon, via Kwai Tsing and Tsuen Wan with Yuen Long and Tuen Mun in the Northwest New Territories.

23. Route Map Of KCRC

24. Tuen Mun Highway • This highway has been developed to link such new towns as Tuen Mun and Yuen Long to the urban centre. • Since the now towns are far from being self-contained, many people still have to commute to work in the urban centre every day. • Roads which can link up new towns and urban area are essential.

25. Cross Harbor Tunnel • This tunnel was constructed more than twenty years ago to connect the major urban districts on either sides of the harbor. Economic development and population decentralization have created large volume of traffic between the two sides of the harbor. Thus, the Cross Harbor Tunnel had constructed to fix the problems.

26. Western Harbor Tunnel • In the 1980s, the Government decided to develop a new international airport for Hong Kong on a site formed from Chek Lap Kok, an island just off Lantau Island. This would replace Kai Tak International Airport. • Ten further infrastructure projects - the Airport Core Programmer (ACP) - were associated with the development of this new airport. The Western Harbor Tunnel (WHT), is a one of the infrasturcture in the project. • The Hong Kong portal of the WHT forms the southern gateway of Route 3, the strategic north-south road corridor that traverses the western part of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. • The tunnel thus links major population centres with the container port at Kwai Chung and the airport at Chek Lap Kok. It also opens up the northwestern New Territories and connects with the new super-highway to Guangdong via Lok Ma Chau. • WHT not only releases the traffic stress at the other two cross-harbour tunnels, it also shortens the travelling time between Hong Kong Island and Kowloon

27. 減少塞車 • 2003年年2月17日開始，倫敦市政府將對駕車進入市中心的人，徵收每輛車一天五英鎊的費用。此一辦法將從每週一至週五清晨七時至晚間六時三十分之間實施，預計將可替倫敦市每年增加一億三千萬英鎊（三億美元）的收入。 • 收費區域為內環路所包圍的地區。 將在市中心百多個路口裝設230部電腦監控設備，查核經過車輛是否已經付費。根據管理倫敦公路與巴士業務的倫敦運輸公司所作的估計，估計將會有兩萬人放棄開車進入市中心區，其中有一萬五千人改乘巴士，五千人則乘坐地下鐵路系統。倫敦市長利文斯東 Mayor Ken Livingstone 表示，如果實施後兩個月內不見成效，他將宣布取消此一辦法。 • 新加坡對繁忙時期進入市中心的司機收費兩美元，使進入市中心的車輛減少了百分之四十多。挪威也在首都奧斯陸和其它兩個大城市收取類似的費用。

28. 無煙城 • 早在十多年前，瑞士已經建了一個無煙城，城內共有九個小鎮，橫跨阿爾卑斯山的大部分地區。無煙城是一個禁車的小鎮，故只有馬車或電力車才可在街上行走。瑞士向來是重環保的國家，為了保護秀麗的風光，一九八五年把位於南部至東部的Bettmeralp、 Braunwald、 Murren、 Riederalp、 Rigi Kaltbad、Saas-Fee、 Stoos、 Wengen及Zermatt九個小鎮定為「無煙城」，Car-Less Village，意即沒有車輛的城鎮。在這情任何車輛也禁止駛入，以免污染空氣及環境。