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Understanding System Software Components and Boot Process

Learn about system software, such as operating systems and utility programs, and how they control a computer's operations. Explore booting processes, OS functions, and common utility programs.

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Understanding System Software Components and Boot Process

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  1. What is system software and what are its parts? • Programs that control operation of computer • Two parts are • operating systems • utility programs

  2. start up the computer provide user interface manage programs manage memory schedule jobs andconfigure devices control a network administer security access the Web monitor performanceand provide housekeepingservices The functions of an operating system are?

  3. Where are operating systems found? • On the hard drive of an device that contains a hard drive • On ROM chips

  4. What is booting a computer? • Causing the computer to start executing instructions. PCs and Macs contain built-in instructions in a ROM or flash memory chip that are automatically executed on startup. These instructions search for the operating system, load it and pass control to it.

  5. What are the steps in the boot process from the time you turn on the computer until the OS interface appears?

  6. How a PC boots Step 1: Power supply sends signal to components in system unit Processor Step 2: The processor accesses BIOS to start computer BIOS

  7. Step 3: BIOS checks components such as mouse, keyboard connectors, and expansion cards CD-ROM drive processor BIOS expansion cards

  8. Step 4: Results of POST are compared to data in the CMOS chip CD-ROM drive CMOS processor BIOS expansion cards expansion cards

  9. Drive that contains operating system is calledboot drive Step 5: BIOS looks for system files on drives such as the hard drive or CD/DVD drive floppy disk drive CD-ROM drive CMOS processor hard disk BIOS expansion cards

  10. Step 6: Boot program loads kernel of operating system into RAM from boot drive floppy disk drive CD-ROM drive CMOS Operating system in memory takes control of computer processor hard disk (RAM) memory modules BIOS Step 6 expansion cards

  11. Step 7 Step 7: Operating system loads configuration information and displays desktop on screen Operating system executes programs in StartUp folder

  12. What are the two ways to boot a computer? • Cold boot - Starting the computer by turning power on. Turning power off and then back on again clears memory and many internal settings. • Warm boot - Restarting the computer by performing a reset operation (pressing reset, Ctrl-Alt-Del, etc.) while the computer is still turned on.

  13. What are the three types of user interfaces?

  14. Command Line

  15. menu-driven interface

  16. Graphic User Interface (GUI)

  17. What are the three categories of operating systems? • Stand-alone • Network • Embedded

  18. What are some of the common utility programs? • Backup utility • File Manager • Personal Firewall • Software Uninstaller • Disk Scanner • Disk Defragmenter • Performance Monitors

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