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World War II: The Road to War

Explore Japan's military rise, from the Manchurian Incident to China conquest and expansion ambitions, analyzing causes and impacts.

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World War II: The Road to War

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  1. World War II: The Road to War III. Japan Builds an Empire

  2. Objectives • Discover the causes and effects of Japan’s growing military power. • See why the Manchurian Incident was a turning point for Japan’s civilian government. • Find out about the initial outcome of Japan’s war against China. • Lean why Japan looked beyond China for future expansion.

  3. A) Setting the Scene • Japan forced by US to trade by Perry in 1853. • Became modern to defend itself. • Government went from monarchy to constitutional monarchy • Beat China in 1894-1895 and Russia in 1904-1905 • Gained Korea, and part of Manchuria • Became very powerful in late 1930s.

  4. B) Growing Military Power • After WWI policy was peace – joined the League of Nations and signed the Kellog-Briand Pact that condemned war • Economic recession in Japan (1920s) caused many Japanese to resent the new democracy – government also limited the size of the military by accepting the limits of the Washington Conference (1922) • Radicals began to assassinated leaders hoping for chaos to get the military to take over.

  5. C) The Manchurian Incident • Japan’s population growing – need more room (living space?) 11) Manchurian Incident: Japan’s army without permission take Manchuria in China. • Puppet State: supposedly independent country under the control of a powerful neighbor. • US and UK did nothing – League of Nations ordered them out of China – Japan left League • 1932 navy officers assassinated Prime Minister – ends multiparty government – 1936 uprising of junior officers almost topples government – people began to be afraid of the military (583) • Military gains power.

  6. D) War Against China • 1937 Japan again attacked China –soon took Beijing and Tianjin. • 2 enemies in China – Jiang Jieshi (Nationalist) and Mao Zedong (Communist) quit fighting each other and fought the Japanese. • Japans superior technology forced them both back • “Rape of Nanjing” – Japanese soldiers brutalized or killed 100,000 civilians • Burma Road: Britain supplied Chinese with weapons along a 700 mile road • 1939 war in China a stalemate

  7. E) Looking Beyond China • Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: Japanese control from Manchuria to Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) • Needed oil and rubber to finish off China • 1940 – sign the Tripartite Pact – join Germany and Italy. • Take French Indochina – sign peace with USSR – ready to take on US

  8. Review • What were the causes and effects of Japan’s growing military power? • Why was the Manchurian Incident a turning point for Japan’s civilian government? • What was the initial outcome of Japan's war against China? • Why did Japan look beyond China for future expansion?

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