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Cognitive Maps and Questorming Prof. Leonel Tractenberg E-mai: leoneltractenberg@gmail

Cognitive Maps and Questorming Prof. Leonel Tractenberg E-mai: leoneltractenberg@gmail.com EBAPE/FGV y LTC/NUTES/UFRJ Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Visiting Scholar Universidad de Barcelona y Universidade de Coimbra Enero, 2008. What is a Cognitive Map?. Some definitions :

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Cognitive Maps and Questorming Prof. Leonel Tractenberg E-mai: leoneltractenberg@gmail

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  1. Cognitive Maps and Questorming Prof. Leonel Tractenberg E-mai: leoneltractenberg@gmail.com EBAPE/FGV y LTC/NUTES/UFRJRio de Janeiro, Brasil Visiting ScholarUniversidad de Barcelona y Universidade de Coimbra Enero, 2008

  2. What is a Cognitive Map? Some definitions: • Jonassen et al. (1997): • Spatial representations of concepts and their relationships. • Watters & Zhou (1999): • Visual language for representing and communicating knowledge within a community. WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

  3. What is a Cognitive Map? (source: Milam et al., 2001:10) WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

  4. What is a Cognitive Map? WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ (source: Milam et al., 2001:10)

  5. What is it for? • Some utilities of cognitive maps: • Accessing own cognitive structures/ representations • Brainstorming, creating and communicating ideas • Studying and reviewing concepts • Maps as teaching / learning / assessing tools • Hypermedia design • Qualitative research • Collaboration / project teamwork • Organizing files • Etc. WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

  6. Example of Concept Map (source: Stoyanov & Kommers., 2006:3) WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

  7. Example of Mind Map WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ (Source: www.mind-mapping.co.uk)

  8. Maps using Compendium (http://compendium.open.ac.uk/institute/) WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ (Source: Okada & Shum, 2006)

  9. Maps using Compendium WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ Source: http://compendium.open.ac.uk/institute//images/nasa3.jpg

  10. Tips for creating Cognitive Maps • Tony Buzan suggestions for creating Mind Maps: • Start in the center with an image of the topic, using at least 3 colors. • Use images, symbols, codes, and dimensions throughout your Mind Map. • Select key words and print using upper or lower case letters. • Each word/image must be alone and sitting on its own line. • The lines must be connected, starting from the central image. The central lines are thicker, organic and flowing, becoming thinner as they radiate out from the centre. • Make the lines the same length as the word/image. • Use colors – your own code – throughout the Mind Map. • Develop your own personal style of Mind Mapping. • Use emphasis and show associations in your Mind Map. • Keep the Mind Map clear by using radial hierarchy, numerical order or outlines to embrace your branches. WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

  11. WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ (Source: www.mind-mapping.co.uk)

  12. Some tips for creating cognitive maps WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ (source: Milam et al., 2001:17)

  13. Questorming and Concept Maps • Some questions may be helpful to expand a concept map: • What are all the different kinds of ___? • What are all the ways to ___? • What are all the parts of ___? • What are all the reasons for ___? • What are all the uses for ___? • What are all the stages in ___? • Is ___ a type of ___? • Which concepts are alike and which are different? (Spradley, 1979 apud Milam et al., 2001) • Here is where QUESTORMING can be very useful! WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

  14. Brainstorming • Brainstorming: “a conference technique by which a group attempts to find a solution for a specific problem by amassing all the ideas spontaneously by its members” (Alex Osborn) • Some applications: • Mental warming up • Creativity and idea generation • Individual and group problem solving • Learning and assessment WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

  15. Brainstorming A typical Brainstorming session: • “A warm-up session, to expose novice participants to the criticism-free environment. (…) • The chairman presents the problem and gives a further explanation if needed. • The chairman asks the brainstorming panel for their ideas. • If no ideas are coming out, the chairman suggests a lead to encourage creativity. • Every participant presents his or her idea, and the idea collector records them. • If more than one participant has ideas, the chairman lets the most associated idea be presented first. (…) • The participants try to elaborate on the idea, to improve the quality. • When time is up, the chairman organizes the ideas based on the topic goal and encourages discussion. Additional ideas may be generated. • Ideas are categorized. • The whole list is reviewed to ensure that everyone understands the ideas. Duplicate ideas and obviously infeasible solutions are removed. • The chairman thanks all participants and gives each a token of appreciation.” (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstorming#Outline_of_the_method) WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

  16. Questorming • Questorming: a technique by which a group attempts to raise as many different questions and problems about some predetermined issue in order to open a great quantity of pathsfor further investigation. • It surpasses the 6 Ws technique (who, what, where, when, why and how) because it generates a greater number of more ingenuous and specific questions. • The dynamic is similar to a Brainstorming session, but only questions and problems for further investigation are allowed and registered (answers and opinions are discarded). WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

  17. Questorming + Cognitive Mapping ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

  18. Websites • Compendium: • http://compendium.open.ac.uk/institute/ • Mind Mapping: • www.mind-mapping.co.uk • Brainstorming: • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstorming#Outline_of_the_method • Questorming: • http://www.pynthan.com/vri/questorm.htm WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

  19. More info about... • Buzan, T. (1991). The Mind Map Book. New York: Penguin. • Milam, J.; Santo, S.A.; Heaton, L.A. (2001) Concept Maps for Web-Based Applications. ERIC Technical Report.. 75p. Disponible en: http://www.highered.org/docs/milam-conceptmaps.PDF • Stoyanov, S. & Kommers, P. (2006). WWW-intensive concept mapping for metacognition in solving ill-structured problems. Int. J. Cont. Engineering Education and Lifelong Learning, v.16, n.3/4. Disponible en: http://www.ou.nl/Docs/Expertise/OTEC/Publicaties/slavi%20stoyanov/10%20Stoyanov1.pdf WOP Psychology in cybercultureLeonel Tractenberg – LTC/NUTES/UFRJ

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