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SOLAR THERMAL STEAM TURBINE SYSTEM

SOLAR THERMAL STEAM TURBINE SYSTEM. ME 258 ADNAN A. BEDRI PROF. TIMOTHY MARBACH FALL 2012. INTRODUCTION.

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SOLAR THERMAL STEAM TURBINE SYSTEM

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  1. SOLAR THERMAL STEAM TURBINE SYSTEM ME 258 ADNAN A. BEDRI PROF. TIMOTHY MARBACH FALL 2012

  2. INTRODUCTION • A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. • Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884 whose first model was connected to a dynamo that generated 7.5kw of electricity.

  3. Conti……… • The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency through the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam, which results in a closer approach to the ideal reversible process.

  4. Conti…… • Steam turbines are made in a variety of sizes ranging from small <0.75 kW (1< hp) units (rare) used as mechanical drives for pumps, compressors and other shaft driven equipment, to 1,500,000 kW (2,000,000 hp) turbines used to generate electricity.

  5. Thermodynamics of steam turbines • Steam Turbine operates on basic principles of thermodynamics using the parts of Rankin cycle. • Superheated vapor enters the turbine, after it having exited the boiler at high T and P. • The high T/P steam is converted into kinetic energy using nozzle.

  6. Conti.. • Once the steam has exited the nozzle it is moving at high velocity and sent to the blades of turbine to create force causing them to move. • A generator or other such device can be placed on the shaft and energy can now be stored or used.

  7. Solar Steam Turbines • The solar steam generated by these state of the art commercial solar thermal power plants does not exceed 380ºC(553k), which limits the conversion efficiency of the steam turbine connected downstream. • This performance limitation can be overcome by raising the operability temperature of the receiver and thereby increasing the conversion efficiencies of the thermodynamic cycle: • In point-focusing system, precise solar concentration can be achieved .

  8. Direct Solar Steam generator • Some solar company like AREVA offers direct solar steam for : • Enhanced oil recovery • Petrochemical refining • Food processing and dessalination.

  9. Solar thermal power plant • In order to reduce fossil fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, promoting the utilization of renewable energy and improving the efficiency of energy utilization are important. • Solar thermal energy, the most abundant renewable energy source, has been used to generate electric power energy in limited regions where solar radiation energy is abundant.

  10. Conti.. • A steam accumulator is incorporated as a heat storage device to store surplus steam produced during the day when solar radiation is large and to use the steam when solar radiation is low .

  11. Solar steam turbine performance • During start-up of the power plant, it is assumed that the steam generator is first brought to full load with the steam produced being dumped to the condenser via the steam-bypass system • The steam-turbine is then progressively loaded, and the bypass valves closed.

  12. Thermal power and turbine loads for a day with intermittent solar radiation.

  13. Start-up and cool-down time

  14. Turbine Internal Temperature

  15. Medium Scale Solar thermal PP • aperture area- 100,000m^2 • Steam temperature - 543k • Volume of steam accumulator- 4000m^3 • Minimum steam pressure - 0.98Mpa • Condenser outlet temperature – 306k • Turbine inlet temperature -1573k • Generator operating Temperature – 873k

  16. Conti… • Concentration ratio 26 • Optical efficiency 77% • Adiabatic efficiency of turbine - 87.5% • Adiabatic efficiency of compressor – 85% • Generator efficiency 98% • Annual total horizontal solar radiation energy 1764kwh/m2/yr • Maximum net work output 12.4-22.4MW • Net generated power 81-149Gwh/yr

  17. References. [1].Economic evaluation of solar thermal hybrid H2O turbine power generation systems TakanobuKosugi a, PyongSik Pak b a Systems Analysis Group, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, 9-2 Kizugawadai , Kizu-cho , Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0292 Japan [2] Annual performance improvement for solar steam turbines throughnmthe use of temperature-maintaining modifications James Spelling a,⇑, Markus Jo¨cker b, Andrew Martin a Department of Energy Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden b Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, SE-612 83 Finspa˚ ng, Sweden [2] Lior N. Solar energy and the steam rankine cycle for driving and assisting heat pumps in heating and cooling modes. Energy Conversion 1977;16(3):111–23. [3] Pilkington Solar International. Status report on solar thermal power plants. Cologne: Pilkington Solar International, 1996. [4] Control concepts for direct steam generation in parabolic troughs Loreto Valenzuela a,*, Eduardo Zarza a, Manuel Berenguel b, Eduardo F. Camacho c a CIEMAT, Plataforma Solar de Almerıa, P.O. Box 22, Tabernas (Almerıa) E 04200, Spain [5] Birnbaum, J., Eck, M., et al., 2008. A direct steam generation solar power plant with integrated thermal storage. In: Proceedings of the 14thBienial Solar PACES Symposium. Las Vegas, USA. [6]Trough integration into power plants—a study on the performance and economy of integrated solar combined cycle systems

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