For easy reference, we have divided the type of mould/formwork into 3 categories :

1. Concrete bonds to mould/formwork. Release agents are primarily used to assist in the clean, easy release of a mould/formworkfrom concretewithout damaging the concrete or the mould/formwork. For easy reference, we have divided the type of mould/formwork into 3 categories: (timber, plywood, resin ply, shutter board) (steel/aluminium) (plastic, polystyrene, rubber, latex, fibreglass) In order to achieve the satisfactory concrete release from a mould/form, it is imperative to choose the correct release agent. This comprehensive guide is designed to help you select the right product. CLICK HERE TO GO TO VIEW THE CHRSYO®DEM RANGE. CATEGORY 2 Wood CATEGORY 3 Plastic + other CATEGORY 1 Metal

2. MOULD/FORM PROTECTION • Easy, clean release of the mould/formwork from concrete; without damaging the mould/formwork or the concreteProtects and extends the life of the formwork/mould. • Reduces the likelihood of imperfections and surface damage (particularly blow holes) to the concrete, creating more durable and attractive concrete surfaces. • AESTHETIC CONCRETE • Does not stain or affect the colour of the concrete. • Does not affect the adhesion of subsequent finishes and coatings. Plaster, paint and other coatings may be applied subsequently. • PRODUCT QUALITY • Water repellent and not affected by rain. • Does not affect the hydration of concrete. • With their high flash point (except CHRYSO®Elio SP), CHRYSO®Release Agents are safe to use, and avoid hazardous materials regulations in transport and disposal. • Have a low odour, and are inoffensive to use. • Ready to use product – far more convenient and reduces the likelihood of errors that can occur if mixing is required. • Storage – our products (except CHRYSO®Dem Bio 10) have a two year storage life!

3. While generally regarded as a minor item, the selection of an appropriate release agent may be critical to the success of a project – affecting both the quality and the colour of the surface finish. • The cost of the release agent is small in proportion to the formwork or mould itself and its omission is a false economy. • More expensive products provide greater coverage and greater ease of use.

4. Test panels that are built before construction are the best method for assessing the suitability of a release agent for a given application. (steel/aluminium) (timber, plywood, resin ply, shutter board) (plastic, polystyrene, rubber, latex, fibreglass) • A release agent is absorbed according to the density of the material, giving a grain patterned finish. To avoid this, treat the form with wax, barrier paint, varnish or more than one coat of release agent. Once these treatments have worn off, they cannot be renewed as there will be an uneven surface that will result in the blotchy appearance of concrete. • CHRYSO® Dem WB prevents the veneer on the shutter boards from delaminating. • CHRYSO®Dem Range contain temporary rustpreventativequalities • Any release agent containing a solvent may cause the above material to become brittle or disintegrate. • Use CHRYSO®Dem Bio 10, CHRYSO®DemOleo FW, CHRYSO®Dem Oleo HD, CHRYSO®Dem Oleo RL, CHRYSO®Dem WP • CLICK HERE TO VIEW THE DEM RANGE AND FORMWORK CATEGORIES CATEGORY 3 Plastic + others CATEGORY 2 Wood CATEGORY 1 Metal

5. The effectiveness of a CHRYSO®Dem Range depends on the cleanliness and dryness of the form/mould before application. Concrete build-up/dirt on the form/mould will create an uneven surface finish. • This is especially true when dealing with white cement or coloured concrete.

6. CHRYSO®Dem Range should be applied before concreting starts and reinforcement is fixed and as near as possible to the first concrete pour and prior to subsequent pours. • It is recommended to apply release agents with a high pressure sprayer. With their low viscosity, the CHRYSO®Dem Range will not clog the fine jets of the sprayer. (CHRYSO®Dem WP cannot be applied with a high pressure sprayer, use a rag or brush) <insert high pressure sprayer> • The correct spray unit and spray nozzle must be used to suit the viscosity of the CHRYSO®Dem Range. • Spraying should be shielded as misting in the air may be detrimental to the person spraying and the environment. Use hoods over spray nozzle to prevent misting. (this will prevent clogging of the spray jet and over spray) • CHRYSO®Dem Range should be applied in a uniform, continuous film, as thinly as possible. The surface of the mould/form should appear slightly greasy (have a shine). • Too much is a bad as too little • Too little – surface damage to concrete and formwork/moulds (surface plucking/mould stick: where patches of the concrete surface stick to the form/mould and are then pulled off the face during formwork/ mould removal. • Too much – blow holes, staining, colour variation, efflorescence, dusting, even retardation of the concrete. Excess oil can also cause ground contamination. Excessive application results in ‘pooling’. If there is an over application, wipe it off with a clean rag.

7. Colour variations can be caused by differential wetting and drying of the surfaces. Be aware of mould/form surfaces with variable absorbency. • For colour control, a release agent should never be changed during the course of the work White concrete is particularly susceptible to discolouration by release agents. • Make sure that the formwork/mould is clean before use. • For an off shutter finish, the joints between shutter boards must be sealed with a neutral silicone or a polyurethane sealer.

8. NB – No matter how good CHRYSO®Release Agent is, it cannot make bad concrete better!

9. (Click on a product for more information)

10. CHRYSO®Dem WB SUMMARY FORMWORK • Waxed based • Jobsites • Timber formwork - Reduces shutter board costs as it prevents the veneer on the shutter boards from delaminating. The formwork can handle a minimum of 6 casts before it is laminated again • Can also be used to coat pallets for protection when stacking bricks on them. Plastic + others Wood Metal

11. CHRYSO®Dem WP SUMMARY FORMWORK • (Wax and paraffin) • Jobsites • Specially designed for casting concrete in ‘coffer’ type formwork for concrete slabs – will not damage coffers. • Cannot be applied with a sprayer Plastic + others Wood Metal

12. CHRYSO®Dem Oleo FW SUMMARY FORMWORK • Mineral based • Jobsites only - not suitable for precast. • Used on all types of formwork • Ideal for formwork suppliers Man-made Wood Metal

13. CHRYSO®Dem Bio 10 SUMMARY FORMWORK • Vegetable based, biodegradeable, non toxic • Will not pollute the environment • Safe to use (can be used in confined spaces like mining, tunnelling, poorly ventilated areas) • Jobsites (water retaining structures) • Can be used with white cement (provided the formwork is spotless and clean) • All formwork • 6 month shelf life Plastic + others Wood Metal

14. CHRYSO®Dem Oleo RL SUMMARY FORMWORK • Mineral based • Decorative concrete • Not suitable for steam curing • Used on (Category 3 – Man-made : plastic, polyurethane, rubber, latex, fibreglass) Plastic + others Wood Metal

15. CHRYSO®Dem Oleo HD SUMMARY FORMWORK • Collar inserts where there is a 90° release angle • Assist in preventing breakage • Easy stripping for stack casting • Mineral based • Heavy precast (dry) – ideal for pipe industry • Contains no solvents - all types of moulds Man-made Wood Metal

16. CHRYSO®Dem Oleo LD SUMMARY FORMWORK • Collar inserts where there is a 90° release angle • Assist in preventing breakage • Specifically formulated for pigmented concrete • Mineral based • Light precast (wet and dry) • All types of moulds (except Category 3 – Man-made : plastic, polyurethane, rubber, latex, fibreglass) • The low viscosity (thinness of the oil) creates less surface tension against the sides of the moulds and therefore allows air bubbles to escape, significantly reducing blow holes. Plastic + others Wood Metal

17. CHRYSO®Dem Elio SP SUMMARY FORMWORK • Steam curing suspension roller concrete pipes – does not break down when exposed to high temperatures of the steam curing process • Steel mould/formwork – rust preventative qualities and temporarily protects from corrosion. • Paraffin based • Precast (dry mix) • Low flash point (50ºC) and this classifies itself asflammable. Caution should be taken with regardto storage and transport conditions. The product will perish if exposed to direct light. • Fairly strong odour – ventilate Plastic + others Wood Metal

18. CHRYSO®Dem Oleo SM SUMMARY FORMWORK • Universal releasing oil • Mineral based • Wet precast • Steel moulds Plastic + others Wood Metal

19. CHRYSO®Dem Elio LSM SUMMARY FORMWORK • The low viscosity (thinness of the oil) creates less surface tension against the sides of the moulds and therefore allows air bubbles to escape, significantly reducing blow holes. Not suitable for steam curing • Paraffin based • Precast (wet) • All moulds (except Category 3 – Man-made : plastic, polyurethane, rubber, latex, fibreglass) Plastic + others Wood Metal

20. Test panels that are built before construction are the best method for assessing the suitability of a release agent for a given application. (timber, plywood, resin ply, shutter board) (plastic, polyurethane, rubber, latex, fibreglass) (steel/aluminium) • A release agent is absorbed according to the density of the material, giving a grain patterned finish. To avoid this, treat the form with wax, barrier paint, varnish or more than one coat of release agent. Once these treatments have worn off, they cannot be renewed as there will be an uneven surface that will result in the blotchy appearance of concrete. • CHRYSO® Dem WB prevents the veneer on the shutter boards from delaminating. • Any release agent containing a solvent may cause the above material to become brittle or disintegrate. • Use CHRYSO®Dem Bio 10, CHRYSO®DemOleo FW, CHRYSO®Dem Oleo HD, CHRYSO®Dem Oleo RL, CHRYSO®Dem WP • CHRYSO®Dem Range contain temporary rustpreventativequalities • CLICK HERE TO VIEW THE DEM RANGE AND APPLICATION CATEGORIES Plastic + others Wood CATEGORY 2 Wood CATEGORY 1 Metal Metal CATEGORY 2 Manmade