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Interneuron diversity and the cortical circuit for attention

Interneuron diversity and the cortical circuit for attention. Paul Tiesinga Computational Neurophysics Lab at UNC http://neuro.physics.unc.edu. Title art: from the 2005 Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge organized by Science Magazine. A “VSD” Experiment. Map(s), connectivity:.

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Interneuron diversity and the cortical circuit for attention

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  1. Interneuron diversity and the cortical circuit for attention Paul Tiesinga Computational Neurophysics Lab at UNC http://neuro.physics.unc.edu Title art: from the 2005 Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge organized by Science Magazine

  2. A “VSD” Experiment Map(s), connectivity: suppression, facilitation, biased competition, STRFs, synchrony

  3. Input to cortex Output of cortex LGN

  4. 1. Interneurons

  5. Interneuron diversity FFI: PV+/FS TDI CR+/CB+ Markram et al (2004) NRN

  6. Circuit of CR+ interneurons Macaque Meskanaite, CerCor (1997) Rat

  7. 2. Stimulus competition (V4)

  8. The model TDI TDI FFI FFI E E Column 2 Column 1

  9. Picture from Okinawa course website

  10. Symbols for Stimulus conditions Receptive field Neuron 2 + + Stimulus location 2 Receptive field Neuron 1 Stimulus location 1

  11. The model(1250 synaptically-coupled single-compartment neurons with Hodgkin-Huxley-type channels) Column 1 Topdown: FEF TDI TDI 50 FFI FFI 75 Feedforward: V2 E E 500 TDI: top-down interneuron FFI: feed-forward interneuron FEF: frontal eye fields

  12. Stimulus competition requires a switch E E E FFI FFI E E Buia & PT,JNP 2008

  13. 3. Attention modulation (V4)

  14. Task and so on Attend away from receptive field Attend into receptive field Salinas & Sejnowski NRN 2001

  15. Feature attention F-att TDI Feature attention Attend the feature red (preferred feature neuron 1) + + FFI Attend the feature blue (preferred feature neuron 2) + + E

  16. Feature attention biases competition

  17. Response-gain like

  18. Spatial attention TDI Spatial attention Spatial attention to location 1 + + FFI + Spatial attention to location 2 + S-att E

  19. Spatial attention biases competition

  20. Contrast-gain like

  21. Hypothesis Feature attention versus spatial attention • Top-down (first) versus bottom-up (later) • Response gain versus contrast gain

  22. 4. Back to interneurons

  23. Contrast response surface of E-cells Stimulus competition

  24. The FFI always increase their rate with spatial attention

  25. With feature attention, FFI rate changes are in opposite direction to those of E-cells

  26. 5. Oscillations and synchrony

  27. Stimulus competition is signaled by beta oscillations Stimulus onset FFI2 FFI1 E2 E1 Buia & PT,JNP 2008

  28. In the pair condition, synchrony during feature-attention has a beta and gamma component TDI E FFI E

  29. Beta vs Gamma TDI TDI FFI FFI Gamma (ING) Beta (PING) E E

  30. Summary • For the first time the responses at the ‘four corners’ under different attention conditions are reproduced using a single, spiking network model (Exp: many). • Two types of interneurons (FFI, TDI) are needed. • During spatial attention the FFI increase their rate, whereas during feature attention they decrease their rate. (Exp: Mitchel et al 2007) • The TDI increase their rate with feature attention and synchronize their home column. (Exp: none) • Strong competition between the two columns leads to beta oscillations, whereas feature attention leads to gamma oscillations. (Exp: Bichot et al 2005) • Hypothesis: • TDI are CR+ (or CB+) double bouquet cells, possibly adapting, • FFI are PV+ basket cells, fast spiking.

  31. Monkey model Task combining feature and spatial attention with same stimulus Distinguish interneurons from pyramidal cells Rabies/herpes virus based transsynaptic tracing Mice model Interneuron specific promoter coupled to fluorescent protein Two photon calcium imaging Develop behavioral task Experimental confirmation

  32. Thanks to • Calin Buia (Harvard Medical School) • Amelia Cohen (UNC) • Terry Sejnowski (Salk institute) • Jorge Jose (SUNY Buffalo/Northeastern University)

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