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PKC and Memory

PKC and Memory. Manhasset Science Research Paris Thatos. Need. Long-term trend in drug-related deaths. Percentage of People Experiencing a Mental Disorder in their Lives. Fig 1. Shows trend in drug related deaths. Fig 2. A graph showing % of people experiencing mental disorders.

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PKC and Memory

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  1. PKC and Memory Manhasset Science Research Paris Thatos

  2. Need Long-term trend in drug-related deaths Percentage of People Experiencing a Mental Disorder in their Lives Fig 1. Shows trend in drug related deaths. Fig 2. A graph showing % of people experiencing mental disorders (Gotz, 2004) (Gallaher, 2007)

  3. Long Term Potentiation • The complex chemical processes that form long-term memories (Cook, 2006) Fig. 3 The Process of Long Term Potentiation (Kanehisa, 1999)

  4. PKC (Protein Kinase C) • Has many isoforms (PKMzeta,PKMa) (Abel, 2004) Fig 4. Process of PKC interaction in Long term Potentiation

  5. Olfactory Memory Capacity of the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus • Yukihisa Matsumoto, Biology Letters Yukihisa Matsumoto Fig 5. Olfactory Preferences of crickets trained to associate Scent A with water reward and Scent B with saline punishment

  6. Place Memory in Crickets • Jan Wessnitzer, Biology Letters Fig 6. Mean time (seconds) taken for cricket to find cool spot Wessnitzer, 2008

  7. Bisindolylmaleimide is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PKC • Dominique Toullec, The Journal of Biological Chemistry The levels of PKC and PKA Toullec, 2005 Fig 7. The concentrations of PKC when exposed to Bisindolylmaleimide, and the concentrations of a PKC isotype

  8. Formation of Long-term Olfactory Memory in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus • Makoto Mizunami, 2005, Chem. Senses Makoto, 2006 Fig 8. A diagram of the head of the cricket. Brain (In blue) is where PKC is believed to be contained in.

  9. Purpose/Hypothesis • The purpose of this experiment is to see whether Bisindolymaleide disrupts long term memories in Gryllus Bimaculatus when treated with it pre- and post- conditioning • It is hypothesized that with all administeringings of Bisindolymaleide, the formation of memories will be inhibited

  10. Crickets (Gryllus Bimaculatus) n=120 Trained to associate one scent with reward and one scent with punishment Also, trained to run heat maze Control group n=30 Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution Given water after each heat maze run Variable group n=30 Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution (+5M) Given water after each heat maze run Variable group n=30 Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution (+5M), Given Water (+5M)after each heat maze run Variable group n=30 Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution Given Water (+5M)after each heat maze run Time spent on each scent is recorded for all groups, and time spent finding cool spot in heat maze also recorded Statistically analyzed with a one-way ANOVA (to find statistic significance) followed by a Scheffe post-hoc test (p<0.05)

  11. Protocol • Gryllus Bimaclatus scent conditioning • Obtaining specific concentration of Bisindolylmaleimide • Exposure to scents to test whether negative or positive connotations were preserved • Recording of time spent on top of each conditioned scent • Gryllus Bimaculatus Heat Maze training • Recording of time spent for each heat maze run Scent Conditioning Scent Testing (Matsumoto, 2006)

  12. Budget

  13. Do-ability • Materials already stocked in lab: Plastic Syringe Water Sodium Chloride Pyrex Beaker • Materials not stocked can be obtained, and protocols are straightforward, and not particularly complex

  14. Bibliography • Olton, D.S., & Samuelson, R.J. (1976). Remembrance of places passed: Spatial memory in rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 97-116. • Ling D, Benardo L, Serrano P, Blace N, Kelly M, Crary J, Sacktor T (2002). "Protein kinase Mzeta is necessary and sufficient for LTP maintenance". Nat. Neurosci. 5 (4): 295-6. • Serrano P, Yao Y, Sacktor T (2005). "Persistent phosphorylation by protein kinase Mzeta maintains late-phase long-term potentiation". J Neurosci 25 (8): 1979-84. • Pastalkova E, Serrano P, Pinkhasova D, Wallace E, Fenton A, Sacktor T (2006). "Storage of spatial information by the maintenance mechanism of LTP". Science 313 (5790): 1141-4 • Cooke SF, Bliss TV (2006). "Plasticity in the human central nervous system". Brain 129 (Pt 7): 1659-73 • Boron, Walter F. (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunder • Clugnet, MC; LeDoux JE (01 Aug 1990). "Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body." (PDF). J Neurosci 10 (8): 2818-24. • Sweatt J (1999). "Toward a molecular explanation for long-term potentiation". Learn Mem 6 (5): 399-416. • Toullec, Bisindolylmaleimide is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PKC, Biology Letters, p15711 – 15781 • Olfactory Memory Capacity of the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus, Matsumoto, Biology Letters, volume 4, p608 - 610 • Jan Wessnitzer, Place Memory in Crickets, Biology Letters, Volume 275, January 2008, pg 915 - 921

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