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Hawaiian Fisheries Issues-2

Hawaiian Fisheries Issues-2. Guide for Nearshore Fishes-NMFS/DAR Lay Gill Net Restrictions Omilu Story Leave the Big Ones Deep 7 Bottomfish Closure. Reference.

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Hawaiian Fisheries Issues-2

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  1. Hawaiian Fisheries Issues-2 • Guide for Nearshore Fishes-NMFS/DAR • Lay Gill Net Restrictions • Omilu Story • Leave the Big Ones • Deep 7 Bottomfish Closure

  2. Reference • Shomura, R. 1987. Hawaii’s Fisheries Resources Yesterday (1900) and today (1986). Southwest Fisheries Center Administrative Report 87/21. 14pp. • SH319 H3 S56 1987

  3. Lower biomass of reef fishes Fewer larger fish History Over-fishing Efficient Left unattended “disposable” By-catch Ghost-fishing Substrate destruction Case against Lay Gill Nets

  4. Survey Gauging Public Attitudes • 96%: ocean/reefs are “very important” • 65%: conditions are fair-poor & worsening • 65%: recreational over-fishing = problem • After learning the term • 94%: concerned over impact • 76%: support for ban/restrictions

  5. DLNR: Limit 10” (250mm) LR50 i.e., “legal” Tournament Results Sampled 200 fish Avg L = 350mm 6 = sexually mature All >600mm Omilu

  6. Leave the Big Ones • More fecund • Larvae show better survival • Birkeland, c. and P. Dayton. 2005. the importance in fishery management of leaving the big ones. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 20(7):356-7.

  7. Deep 7 Management

  8. Bottomfish Fish Species Affected by closure • Onaga • Ehu • Kalekale • Opakapaka • Gindai • Hapu‘upu‘u • Lehi Bottomfish • Onaga • Ehu • Opakapaka • Kalekale • Uku • Hapu‘upu‘u • Gindai • Lehi • Butaguchi • Ta‘ape • White Ulua

  9. Closure • May 15 – Oct 31 + ?? (Year by Year) • MHI • Deep 7 Species • Prohibited: Fish for, Possess, Sell • Release Incidental Catch

  10. Shafer-style Management • F- ratio (CFM / FM@SY) • Weighted for 3 zones • CPUE based on gear used over time • Weighted for habitat in 3 zones

  11. Biology of these Fishes • Spawning • Early life history • Settlement • Age at maturity • Long life span • Slow growth rates

  12. Current Status of Bottomfish in Hawaii’s Management Subareas

  13. More Information • Moffitt, et al., 2006. Status of the Hawaiian Bottomfish Stocks, 2004. PIFSC Admin. Report H-06-01. • http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/adminrpts/2000-present/PIFSC_Admin_Rpt_06-01.pdf

  14. What are precious corals? Colonial coelenterates living below the euphotic zone. Valuable as a source of raw material for jewelry. Main production centers at the present time are Taiwan and Japan. Value of 1980 fishery is about $50 million [~50X stony coral imports] Most precious corals live at depths of hundreds of meters, making harvest by other than remote methods impractical. Precious corals are very much K-selected. Skeletons are made of calcium carbonate, protein, or a mixture of the two. Color due to organic matter in skeleton.

  15. Gold coral

  16. Pink coral

  17. Red coral

  18. Black coral

  19. Black coral

  20. Maui Divers Star II

  21. Scuba diver collecting black coral

  22. Red Coral cabochon $1,865 Black coral pendant $570 Black coral earrings $1,165 Pink coral ring $150

  23. History of Precious Coral Fishery History of the fishery is one of boom and bust Confined to Mediterranean until early 19th century Started in Japan in early 1800’s, but did not flourish until after ~1870 Pacific fishery centered in far east until huge strike on Milwaukee Bank in 1965

  24. Management of Precious Corals Susceptible to Over-exploitation Historical Attempts Total Ban Reserves Limited Entry Benign Neglect Size & Weight Quotas

  25. Age-frequency distribution of Maui black corals surveyed by Grigg in 1975

  26. Information used to develop yield per recruit management model for Hawaiian black corals

  27. Commercial landings of black coral in Hawaii and ex-vessel value of the corals.

  28. Percentage of Maui Antipathes dichotoma colonies versus age from data reported by Grigg (2001). Straight line is a linear regression fit to the log-transformed data. The slope of the line is -0.098 per year.

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