1 / 57

ROOTS OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT

ROOTS OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT. 1890’S-1948. Zionism. GOALS : The spiritual and political renewal of the Jewish people in its ancestral homeland of Palestine. Freedom from Western anti-Semitism. . Theodore Herzl 1860-1904. First Zionist Conference, 1897.

nola
Download Presentation

ROOTS OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ROOTS OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT 1890’S-1948

  2. Zionism • GOALS:The spiritual andpolitical renewal ofthe Jewish peoplein its ancestralhomeland ofPalestine. • Freedom from Western anti-Semitism. Theodore Herzl1860-1904

  3. First Zionist Conference, 1897 • Herzl writes Der Judenstaat, orThe Jewish State in 1896. • Met in Basel, Switzerland. • Creates the First Zionist Congress. • Becomes an international Jewishorganization. • “Next Year in Jerusalem!”

  4. The Ottoman Empire in WW1

  5. The Main Players in WW1 AlliedPowers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

  6. The Middle East in 1914

  7. Hussein-McMahon Letters, 1915 ....Britain is prepared to recognize and uphold the independence of the Arabs in all regions lying within the frontiers proposed by the Sharif of Mecca.... Hussein ibn Ali,Sharif of Mecca

  8. Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916

  9. British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917 His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of anational home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine… Sir Arthur James BalfourBr. Foreign Secretary

  10. The League of Nations Mandates

  11. “New” Countries & Ruling Families Emerge! • Prince Faisal “ruler” of Trans-Jordan. • Prince Abdullah  “ruler” of a newly-created Iraq [pasted together from three distinctgeographic regions]. • The House of Saud  put on the throne of thenewly-created Saudi Arabia. • The Pahlavi Family  put on the throne of a new Iran. • Mustafa Kemal  leads a military/nationalistmovement in Turkey.

  12. Oil Discovered in Mesopotamia! • First discovered on Masjid-I Suleiman in Persiain 1908. • Turkish-Petroleum Co. [TPC] founded in 1911 drill for oil in Mosul, Mesopotamia. • Britain signed a secret agreement with the sheikh of Kuwait who, while outwardly pledgingallegiance to the Ottoman Sultan in Istanbul,promised exclusive oil rights to the British. • Kuwait became a British protectorate in November, 1914. • In 1927, oil was struck in Kirkuk, Iraq, and the Iraq Petroleum Co. [IPC] was created.

  13. Oil Becomes the New International“Coin of the Realm!” • American oil companies [Texaco & Chevron], gainoil concessions in Bahrainin 1929. • In 1933, American oil companies win an oilconcession in Saudi Arabia. • ARAMCO [Arab-American Oil Co,] is created in 1939.

  14. Oil Becomes the New International“Coin of the Realm!” • American oil companies [Texaco & Chevron], gainoil concessions in Bahrainin 1929. • In 1933, American oil companies win an oilconcession in Saudi Arabia. • ARAMCO [Arab-American Oil Co,] is created in 1939.

  15. Reforms in Iran • Secularization  seizure of religious lands. • Adoption of the French civilcode. • Built the Trans-IranianRailroad. • Improved education.

  16. The Middle East Between the Wars

  17. The British in Palestine (1919-1947)

  18. Essential Question: How did Britain’s actions in Palestine after 1918 lay the groundwork for the on-going conflict between the Jews and the Arabs in the Middle East today?

  19. Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 • In 1920, there was 1 Jew toevery 10 Arabs inPalestine. • By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs forevery Jew. The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

  20. British Mandate in PalestineCreatedJuly, 1922

  21. Jewish Settlements: The Kibbutz System • First one founded in 1908. • Communal living. • “Make the DesertBloom!”

  22. Palestine Arab Revolt: 1936-1939 Their Goals: • An end to Jewish immigration to Palestine. • An end to the transferof lands to Jewish owners. • A new “generalrepresentative government.” The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Hussani, with Adolf Hitler.

  23. British White Paper of 1939 • Limited Jewish immigration toPalestine to 75,000 over the next five years. • It ended Jewish landpurchases. • Independence forPalestine within 10 years. • It is NOT British policythat Palestine become aJewish state.

  24. The “Arab Legion” of theBritish Army During WW2

  25. The “Jewish Brigade” of theBritish Army During WW2

  26. Hitler’s“FinalSolution” The Jewish population in each country in 1942.

  27. Nazi Concentration & Extermination Camps

  28. The Nazi Holocaust • 6,000,00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps.]

  29. Aliyah Bet : Illegal Jewish Immigration

  30. Aliyah Bet • Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine. • The Exodus, 1947.

  31. British “Detention” Campsin Cyprus : 1946-1948

  32. Jewish “Freedom Fighters”(or “Terrorists”?) Irgun Zvai Leumi[Natl. Military Org.] Avraham Stern &The Stern Gang

  33. U. N. Partition Plan of 1947

  34. Israel Becomes a Nation:May 14, 1948 Chaim Weizmann,1st President David Ben-Gurion,1st Prime Minister

  35. War Begins!: May 15, 1948

  36. Arab Refugees, 1948 The Palestinian Diaspora begins!

  37. Armistice Signed, 1949

  38. The British in Palestine (1919-1947)

  39. Essential Question: How did Britain’s actions in Palestine after 1918 lay the groundwork for the on-going conflict between the Jews and the Arabs in the Middle East today?

  40. Palestine Was Part of the Ottoman Empire

  41. Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 • In 1920, there was 1 Jew toevery 10 Arabs inPalestine. • By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs forevery Jew. The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

  42. British Mandate in PalestineCreatedJuly, 1922

  43. Jewish Settlements: The Kibbutz System • First one founded in 1908. • Communal living. • “Make the DesertBloom!”

  44. 1929 Arab Riots IZBAH AL-YAHUD! [“Slaughter All the Jews!”]

  45. Hitler’s“FinalSolution” The Jewish population in each country in 1942.

  46. Nazi Concentration & Extermination Camps

  47. The Nazi Holocaust • 6,000,00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps.]

  48. Aliyah Bet : Illegal Jewish Immigration

  49. Aliyah Bet • Illegal Jewish immigration to Palestine. • The Exodus, 1947.

  50. British “Detention” Campsin Cyprus : 1946-1948

More Related