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The First Americans: Prehistory - 1492

The First Americans: Prehistory - 1492. North American Peoples. Early Native Americans. Long before the Europeans came in 1500’s CE Many native cultures… Rose Flourished Disappeared Most advanced Hohokam (Southwest) Anasazi (Southwest) Mound Builders (Ohio River Valley).

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The First Americans: Prehistory - 1492

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  1. The First Americans: Prehistory - 1492 North American Peoples

  2. Early Native Americans • Long before the Europeans came in 1500’s CE • Many native cultures… • Rose • Flourished • Disappeared • Most advanced • Hohokam (Southwest) • Anasazi (Southwest) • Mound Builders (Ohio River Valley)

  3. The Desert Southwest • The Hohokam • Present-day Arizona • Dry, hot desert • Experts @ squeezing every drop of water • Life depended on irrigation • The Anasazi • Built great stone dwellings from adobe. • Carved & built into walls of cliffs • Easy to defend • Protection from winter weather • Complex system of roads linking the villages • Env’t issues finally caused demise • Drought • Etc.

  4. Pacific Northwest • Inuit • People who settled northernmost part of NA • Land surrounding Arctic Ocean • Believed to be the last to pass over Beringia • Many skills (brought from original home in Siberia) • Winter they built igloos • Made of blocks of ice and snow to protect from extreme cold • Cloths made of furs and sealskin • Made both warm and waterproof • Hunters and Fisherman • Coastal Waters • Whales, seals, and walruses • Skin-covered boats • Land • Hunted caribou • Made cloths from hides and burned seal-oil lamps

  5. People of the Plains • Nomadic • Temporary villages (growing season) • Tepees • Men hunted antelope, deer but mainly buffalo • Women grew plots of maize, beans, squash • 1500’s Spanish brought horses to Mexico • Some got out migrated North • Tamed wild horses • Became skilled riders who hunted, and fought from backs • Used spears, bows, clubs, and knives

  6. People of the NE Woodlands • Iroquois and Cherokee • Complex political systems to govern nations • Lived in Longhouses • Used forest to hunt and grow crops • Slash and Burn • Deer, corn, beans, squash • Iroquois near Canada, now northern NY • 5 nations • Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga • Warred w/ each other until 1500’s • Joined together to form Iroquois Confederacy • Women ruled; chose the men for the tribal council • 1st Constitution in the new world

  7. People of the Southeast • Woodland, but warmer climate • Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Catawba • Cherokee and Catawba • Farmed mts. of GA and Carolinas

  8. The First North Carolinians • The 5 largest groups were the: • Hatteras • Chowanok • Tuscarora • Catawba • Cherokee

  9. Patterns of Life • Ancestry traced though women. • Clans lived in settlements of 10-12 houses. • Saw life as a relationship between humans and the environment.

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