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Chapter 1 Notes. The World Before the Opening of the Atlantic. Essential Question. What early Native Americans societies existed North America prior to 1492, and what were their contributions?. ANSWER. EARLIEST CULTURES Aztec – around A.D. 1168 moved into central Mexico
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Chapter 1 Notes The World Before the Opening of the Atlantic
Essential Question • What early Native Americans societies existed North America prior to 1492, and what were their contributions?
ANSWER • EARLIEST CULTURES • Aztec – around A.D. 1168 moved into central Mexico • Built a large city, empire, and trading network Inca – were in South America • built their empire in the Andes Mountains • Used 64,000 miles of roads in the mountains to connect their empire Hohokum – were in the American Southwest • watered their crops through irrigation systems • Protected themselves from the heat by burying their houses partially underground Anasazi – built pueblos into cliffsides to protect themselves from the weather and attack • invented pueblos, which are homes made of adobe, or dried straw and mud bricks, or cut stones Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippi – lived in the Ohio River Valley • were cultures that developed mound-building • Built burial mounds (like the Serpent Mound in Ohio) to honor their dead.
ANSWER • North American Cultures • FAR NORTH • Inuit and Aleut - survived by fishing and hunting animals like seals and whales - used kayaks, or one-person canoes made of animal skins - lived in igloos, or homes made of blocks of ice. • BELOW THE FAR NORTH - Athapascan and Algonquian - made homes of animal skins - followed the caribou herds for food
ANSWER • NORTHWEST COAST - used fishing, hunting and gathering, and trading to live - built houses out of evergreen trees - carved images of totems, or ancestor or animal spirits, on tall poles from trees - held potlatches, or ceremonies in which the richest members of the tribe would give away most of their goods to their neighbors. • SOUTHWEST - Pueblo - worked with very little water - used irrigation to water their crops - hunted game, gathered plants - held religious events in kivas, or circular ceremonial rooms. • GREAT PLAINS - hunted buffalo - some built tepees for shelter, others used pole frames and grasses - Pawnee had a matrilineal society, or family lines that are traced through the mother
ANSWER • SOUTHEAST - Natives farmed, hunted and gathered, fished, and traded - lived in matrilineal village - village councils were the government - Natchez – ruled by religious leaders • NORTHEAST - farmed in the summer - followed herds in the winter - lived in villages - wigwams, or circular houses, or large lodges were used to live in - women controlled Iroquois society - harvesting crops, farming, and raising the children was done by women - men traded and hunted - Iroquois lived in longhouses, or rectangular dwellings constructed or tree bark and logs - Iroquois League was a political union of tribes that waged war and made peace as a groups with outside tribes
Terms from South Carolina The History of an American State • Prehistory is the time before people kept written records. • Artifacts are the remains of earlier people. • Anthropologists study the origin and development of man through artifacts. • Archaeologists are scientists who search for and study objects left behind by ancient peoples.
Migrate means to leave one place and to settle in another. • Nomads are wanderers who followed their food supply wherever it went. • Cultures are different ways of life. • Projectile points are sharpened rocks used for tools or hunting.
Rituals are a series of actions performed in ceremonies, such as religious ceremonies. • Palisades are fences of painted states that were 12-20 feet high that were placed around Indian villages for protection. • A hieroglyphic is a picture or symbol use to represent a sound, word, or idea.
Hominy was a mixture of corn, water,and lye that was cooked for four hours and then eaten. • A wigwam was a type of circular house.
Archaeology • __________ is the study of the unwritten past to understand early peoples.
Artifacts • …are objects made by people long ago.
__________ were the first Americans who, who moved into Alaska sometime between 50,000 and 10,000.
Migration • This movement of people from one area to another is known as __________.
Most Paleo-Indians were ____, people who hunt animals and gather wild pants to provide for their needs.
The __________ is the climates, land, plants, and animals that exist together.
Domestication • People learned to grow and breed wild plants and animals in a process called __________.
Maize • Paleo-Indians also grew ____, or corn.
Societies • __________are groups of people that share a culture.
Culture • A society’s ____ is made up of its common values and traditions.
Glyphs • Some early societies used a writing system of ____, which are symbols and images that represent ideas.
…is the land bridge that connected present-day Alaska with Siberia. Enabled the first Americans to cross into North America between 50,000 and 10,000 B.C.
…is an extremely fertile region made up of present-day Mexico and parts of Central America that was the home to the first Native American cultures. Also known as “middle” America.
Pop Quiz • What isarchaeology? • What is maize? • Who are the Paleo-Indians? • What is culture? • What are societies?
Pop Quiz • What are glyphs? • What is domestication? • What are environments? • Who are hunter-gatherers? • What is migration?
Pop Quiz • What is Beringia? • Where is Mesoamerica? • What are artifacts?
The Inuit and Aleut survived by hunting animals and fishing, often from ____, which were one-person canoes made of animal skins.
The Northwest Coast tribes used the plentiful evergreen trees to build houses and to carve images of ____, ancestor or animal spirits on tall poles.
… was where they would give away most of their goods to their neighbors.
The Pueblo held religious events in ____, which were ceremonial rooms.
This structure is made from paper birch. • Some Northeast tribes lived in villages, building large lodges or circular huts called ____.
The Iroquois lived in ____, which were rectangular dwellings made from logs and bark.
…was a political group of tribes that could wage war and make peace with other tribes.
Pop Quiz • What are potlatches? • What are longhouses? • What are kivas? • What are kayaks?
Pop Quiz • What are igloos? • What are totems? • What was the Iroquois League? • What are wigwams?
Viking leader ____ stared the first settlement in North America.
