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6 Kingdom Classification System

6 Kingdom Classification System. Organisms. Prokaryotes very tiny simple cells no true nucleus no organelles. Eukaryotes larger more complex cells have a nucleus have numerous organelles. Cell Wall. No Cell Wall. Autotrophs make their own food by photo- synthesis. Heterotrophs

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6 Kingdom Classification System

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  1. 6 Kingdom Classification System Organisms • Prokaryotes • very tiny simple cells • no true nucleus • no organelles • Eukaryotes • larger more complex cells • have a nucleus • have numerous organelles Cell Wall No Cell Wall • Autotrophs • make their own • food by photo- • synthesis • Heterotrophs • can’t make their • own food • must eat other • organisms Unicellular Multicellular Archaebacteria Eubacteria 3. Plants 4. Fungi 5.Protists 6. Animals moss ferns yeast mould mushrooms bacteria amoeba algae insects fish SBI3U

  2. Gremlins

  3. Cell division for reproduction • Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent • Eukaryotes asexually reproduce via MITOSIS • Prokaryotes asexually reproduce via BINARY FISSION

  4. Cell division for reproduction • Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent • Eukaryotes asexually reproduce via MITOSIS • Prokaryotes asexually reproduce via BINARY FISSION

  5. Cell division for reproduction • Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically unique • 2 (or more) parent cells combining their genes • Both eukaryotes AND prokaryotes reproduce sexually

  6. pg. 194 - 197 Bacteria & Archaebacteria(we’ll generalize and call both ‘bacteria’)

  7. Characteristics of bacteria... • Prokaryotic • no nucleus • Unicellular (sometimes stick together) • Single, circular chromosome • Reproduce asexually and sexually

  8. Characteristics of bacteria... • Very first organisms on Earth • Live on virtually every surface (including dust motes) • Thrive in moist environments • <1% are harmful to humans

  9. Why bacteria are ubiquitous

  10. Eubacteria vs Archaebacteria EUBACTERIA • Rigid shape • Easily the most common (hundreds of thousands of species at least!) • Evolved from archaebacteria • Examples • Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella

  11. Eubacteria vs Archaebacteria ARCHAEBACTERIA • Live in extreme environments(extremophiles) • 1st life on Earth • Examples • Thermus aquaticus, Sulfolobus sulfataricus, Halobacterium salinarum, Methanobrevibacter smithii

  12. Extremophiles Archaebacteria thrive in harsh conditions... Thermophiles • live in hot springs and deep sea vents (>100ºC)

  13. Extremophiles Archaebacteria thrive in harsh conditions... Acidophiles • live in extremely low pH environments (<pH 2)

  14. Extremophiles Archaebacteria thrive in harsh conditions... Halophiles • live in extremely salty environments

  15. Why bacteria are ubiquitous

  16. Bacterial anatomy Cell

  17. Bacterial anatomy • Nucleoid – region where circular DNA resides • Pili – used for sexual reproduction

  18. Bacteria are important because... • They help us live (digestion, protection, etc.)

  19. Bacteria are important because... • Useful for molecular/genetic technologies

  20. Bacteria are important because... • Provide insight into the history of life on Earth

  21. Bacteria are important because... • Decompose dead things/clean up spills

  22. Bacteria are important because... • Nitrogen fixation in plants

  23. Bacteria are important because... • Reasons we don’t even know yet...

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