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Shinya Suzuki , Ayako Tachifuji, Yasushi Matsufuji

Seasonal Variation on Combustible Set-outs under “Door-to-door” Collection Method with “Pay-as-you-throw” system. Shinya Suzuki , Ayako Tachifuji, Yasushi Matsufuji Department of Civil Engineering, Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan

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Shinya Suzuki , Ayako Tachifuji, Yasushi Matsufuji

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  1. Seasonal Variation on Combustible Set-outs under “Door-to-door” Collection Method with “Pay-as-you-throw” system Shinya Suzuki, Ayako Tachifuji, Yasushi Matsufuji Department of Civil Engineering, Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180 Japan E-mail: ssuzuki@fukuoka-u.ac.jp 1

  2. 2) Some municipalities convert way of waste collection - from “station” collection (traditional method in Japan) - to “door-to-door” collection - specify common waste collection point for multiple households - unspecified people dispose of waste carelessly, which makes there dirty - too heavy for elderly people or physically-challenged people to bring waste - Each household set out waste bag in front of entrance of housing - clarify waste generator’s responsibility, stimulate waste separation - anxiety on increase of cost of waste collection 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions1-1 Background in Japan • Increasing number of municipalities • begun “charge” for waste collection • - in many cases, “Pay-as-you-throw” system • - by using specific waste bag - in order to realize waste minimization effectively Specific waste bag

  3. 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions1-2 Objective For better management on waste collection, To clarify characteristics on waste set-outs - set-out frequency, - number of waste bag, - capacity of waste bag, - weight of waste bag - under “door-to-door” collection method - with “pay-as-you-throw” system In previous our study, - most households decided to use only 1 kind of waste bag - from long time experience - tended to keep from setting out waste bag - for adjustment of amount of waste in bag - additional survey in summer season But, seasonal variation still remained to be clarified

  4. 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion4. Conclusions2-1 Solid Waste Management Fukuoka city, Japan “Fukuoka city”, 8th largest city, 1.4 million people, - for MSW, “pay-as-you-throw” system, since Oct. 2005. 1) Combustibles, 2) Incombustibles, 3) recyclables “Glasses and PET bottles”, 4) Bulky waste Combustibles - average unit amount of waste: 0.6 (kg/person/day) (90% of MSW) - 10% reduction occurred by introducing “pay-as-you-throw” system - Households can buy any capacity they like - collected twice a week in night time under “door-to-door” collection method - 15 litters (15 yen/bag), 30 litters (30 yen/bag), 45litters (45 yen/bag; ) One district in “Fukuoka city” was selected for survey of combustible waste - 1,664 peoples - 673 households - 9,800 people/km2 Typical residential area in Japan.

  5. 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions2-2 Analytical Methods 50 sample households - with a variety of household size - used specified waste collection point Actual measurement survey on amount of waste - to clarify actual status on waste set-outs - on Mar. 7th 2006, Mar. 10th, Mar. 14th, Mar. 17th, continuously in spring - on Aug. 26th 2008, Aug. 29th, Sep. 2nd, Sep. 5th, continuously in summer - enabled us to confirm retention time in each waste bag In summer season, many households set out “garden waste” with usual combustible waste generated from daily activities, - such households have been excluded from this analysis.

  6. 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions3-1-1) Actual Status on Waste Set-out Pattern 6 CATEGORIES confirmed for waste set-outs in summer season - more than 2bags? 1 bag? - 45 L? 30 or 15 L? • CATEGORY 3) was not confirmed in spring season. • changed capacity of waste bag • to avoid long storage of waste • to keep from bad smell

  7. 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions3-1-2) Difference of Waste Set-out Pattern In summer season, households tended to set out, - morefrequently, more than 2 bags, withsmaller capacities of waste bag - Percentage of 30 or 15 L of waste bag was much higher

  8. 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions3-2-1) Unit Amount of Waste in each CATEGORY To clarify relationships between waste set-out pattern and amount of waste, Distribution of unit amount of waste changed - in some CATEGORIES C-4): 1.0 – 2.0 (kg/household/day) - in spring season 1.0 – 1.5 (kg/household/day) - in summer season C-3): near 1.5 (kg/household/day) - in summer season Coverage of each unit amount of waste: - very narrow C-1) 45 L >2 bags C-6) 30 or 15 L 1 bag C-2) 2 kinds >2 bags C-3) 30 or 15 L >2 bags C-4) 45 L 1 bag C-5) 2 kinds 1 bag

  9. 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions3-2-2) Seasonal Change of Waste Set-outs Capacity: 45 L Relationships between number and capacity of waste bag Spring Larger amount of waste Summer • In spring season, • Households who have a large amount of waste: • - tend to use larger capacity of waste bag • - tend to use 45 L and set out 1 bag every time Capacity: 30 or 15 L More than 2 bags VARIABLE ZONE • In summer season, • Some households changed capacity of waste bag 1 bag Variable zone was formed only around border line of more than 2 bags or 1 bag every time Smaller amount of waste

  10. 30 or 15 L >2 kinds 45 L 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions3-2-3) Impact on Profile of Waste Set-outs Spring • Seasonal change of waste set-outs occurred only for limited households • - 1.0 – 1.5 (kg/household/day) • - as stated before • 1.5 – 2.0 (kg/household/day) • - set out more than 2 kinds of waste bag Summer Seasonal change - very small - negligible We should take care of annual change of waste amount

  11. 30 or 15 L >2 kinds 45 L 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions3-3-1) Annual change? C-4) C-3) C-2) Amount of waste still continued to decrease gradually - distribution of unit amount of waste will change year after year - drastic change of waste set-outs will occur in near future?

  12. 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions4-1 Conclusions Seasonal variation on waste set-outs Actual condition survey in one district in Fukuoka city, Japan Seasonal variation really existed - in summer season, households tend to set out - more frequently, more than 2 bags, with smaller capacities - to avoid long storage of waste - to keep from bad smell But households who used smaller capacities of waste bag were restricted - between 1.0 - 2.0(kg/household/day) So, this seasonal change of waste set-outs - very small - negligible

  13. 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusions4-2 Conclusions • But, we should take care of annual change of waste amount • Amount of waste still continued to decrease gradually • - by introducing “pay-as-you-throw” system, • Coverage of each unit amount of waste • - very small Perhaps drastic change of waste set-outs will occur in near future? We should check such change in summer season! - easier for us to find change of waste set-outs

  14. Thank you very much for your attention !

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