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Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt. Ms. Orville. Vocabulary. Afterlife- an existence after death Artisan- a person skilled in crafts such as carving or tool making Cataract- a large waterfall or rapids Delta- a triangular or fan-shaped piece of land made by deposits of mud and sand at the mouth of a river

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Ancient Egypt

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  1. Ancient Egypt Ms. Orville

  2. Vocabulary • Afterlife- an existence after death • Artisan- a person skilled in crafts such as carving or tool making • Cataract- a large waterfall or rapids • Delta- a triangular or fan-shaped piece of land made by deposits of mud and sand at the mouth of a river • Dynasty- a line of rulers from the same family or the period during which they rule • Economy- related to activities such as the production of goods and services in a particular region • Hieroglyphics- ancient Egyptian written language • Mummy- the body of a person that was preserved after death • Silt- a deposit of rich soil, sand, and mud along a river • Nilometer- staircase, or a simple stone/other surface, to record the height of the Nile flood

  3. Youtube-

  4. Nilometers

  5. NDO: Translate the ancient code into W English! • BK IZPV XNV LMMNB VWK DMNDH LXT VWK DLMKXTLJ VN SMRXT ZP VN VWK ULDV VWLV KLDW INIKXV NU MRUK RP L IRJLDMK LXT IQPVKJQ. • -- W. A. BHIIP

  6. Translating the Rosetta Stone • Agua • מ'ם • http://www.discoveringegypt.com/hieroglyphic-typewriter.html

  7. Clues to solve the puzzle • B=H • A=G • K=E

  8. Ancient Egyptian Rulers • Pharaohs: Egyptian Kings had absolute power • Whatever they decided became law • Were religious leaders and considers to be gods • 31 Dynasties from 3100-322 BCE • Dynasty- a series of rulers from the same family or ethnic group

  9. Social ‘pyramid’

  10. Pharaoh’s Tombs • Pharaohs began the long, difficult process of building their tombs as soon as they came to power • Pyramid- huge buildings with four sloping triangle- shaped sides • Giza- location of important pyramids • Could take 20 years to build by slaves and other workers • http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=building+the+pyramids+of+ancient+egypt&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=060FBF1F9076037813DD060FBF1F9076037813DD

  11. Pyramids Khufu Giza

  12. Early Pyramids Step pyramid Mastaba (eternal house)

  13. Great Pyramid • Tomb for Khufu • an almost perfect square (deviation .05%) • Orientation is exactly North, South, East West • 2,300,000 blocks, 500ft high • 20 years to build • Average block weighs 2.5 tons • Some weighed 9 tons!

  14. The Kingdoms • Middle Kingdom • Egypt reunited • Pharaohs used Egypt’s wealth on public works, instead of wars • New Kingdom • Pharaohs built large armies, which made the Egyptians nearly unbeatable • Ramses I-XII rule Egypt • It is during this time that Moses leads Jews out of Egypt

  15. Famous Ancient Egyptian Rulers • Menes • Legendary founder of the first Egyptian dynasty • unified Upper and Lower Egypt • Founded capital of Memphis • King Tut (Tutankhamun) • Became ruler when he was a child and died at around age 18 • His tomb was discovered in 1922 • Buried with many possessions

  16. Religion • Egyptian Gods and Goddesses • Deeply religious and polytheistic believed in many gods and goddesses • Believed that their gods controlled life, death, and all of nature • Amon-Re :chief god of creation • Osiris: god of afterlife Osiris

  17. Burial rituals

  18. Belief in Afterlife • Egyptians carefully prepared their dead for afterlife- to ensure immortality • Mummy- preserved body of a dead person • Believed the soul would leave the mummy but return to it to receive food • Mummification- expensive and took 2-3 months • Organs removed • Put into jars • Decorated coffins • Not known when it started in Egypt • Perfected by time of New Kingdom

  19. How to make a mummy: 70 steps • 1) Removal of the brain through the nostrils 2) Removal of the intestines through an incision in the side 3) Sterilization of the body and intestines 4) Treating, cleaning, dehydrating the intestines 5) Packing the body with natron (a natural dehydrating agent) and leaving for 40 days 6) Removal of the natron agent 7) Packing the limbs with clay or sand 8) Packing the body with linen (soaked in resin), myrrh and cinnamon 9) Treating the body with ointments and finally wrapping with a fine linen gauze, not less than 1000 square yards .

  20. Canopic Jars made of alabaster for storage of heart, stomach, intestines and liver

  21. Funerary Gifts model boat Gift bearers

  22. Ancient Gods & Goddesses

  23. Gods & Goddesses • Powerful goddess • She used powerful magic spells to help people in need • Isis was the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus. Isis

  24. Gods • Horus: god of balance and harmony • Animal symbol: hawk • maintained the natural order: the flow of the Nile and the fertility of the soil. Horus

  25. Sun god • Most powerful god in Egypt • Animal symbol: Ram • Wears crown with two plumes • god of embalming the dead (mummification process) • Watched over the dead • Animal symbol: jackal Amun/Re Anubis

  26. Rulers • Ancient Egypt prospered during three major time periods (kingdoms) • Old Kingdom • Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt: well run government • Traded with Nubia for timber • At the end of the Old Kingdom Egypt’s unity crumbled and the dynasties grew weak

  27. Pharaoh Pharaoh was believed by the Egyptians to be the supreme ruler chosen by the gods to lead his people. They believed that when a man became a pharaoh, he also became a god. To keep the bloodline of the gods pure, pharaohs often married their sisters, mothers, and cousins.

  28. Ancient Egyptian Rulers Thutmose III • One of the greatest pharaohs • Expanded empire to include Syria and Nubia • Treated defeated people well • Tomb was in the valley of the kings

  29. Hatshepsut- Pharaoh Queen • Regent- someone who rules for a child until the child is old enough to rule • was regent for Tuhtmose III -> proclaimed herself as pharaoh • Achieved economic success [trade] • Built many temples Hatshepsut: only woman Pharaoh

  30. Cleopatra • “Queen of Egypt” • Last Macedonian to rule Egypt • Official end to the New Kingdom

  31. Egyptian Scribe

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