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CELL RESPONSE TO INJURY AND ADAPTIVE CELL REACTION

CELL RESPONSE TO INJURY AND ADAPTIVE CELL REACTION. YEAR II Assist. Prof. Dr. Ipek Erbarut Seven Assoc . Prof. Dr. Pelin Bağcı. N-18 FATTY CHANGE ORGAN: LIVER.

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CELL RESPONSE TO INJURY AND ADAPTIVE CELL REACTION

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  1. CELL RESPONSE TO INJURY AND ADAPTIVE CELL REACTION YEAR II Assist. Prof. Dr. IpekErbarut Seven Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pelin Bağcı

  2. N-18 FATTY CHANGE ORGAN: LIVER This H&E stainedslide is preparedfrom a grosslyyellowcoloredenlargedliver. Theparenchymalcells (hepatocytes) showmarkedfattychange. Notethevariablesizedlipidvacuoles in thecytoplasmandperipherallydisplacednuclei. Rememberthatfatglobulesappear as emptyspaceswithroutine H&E stain.

  3. Lipidvacuole N-18 FATTY CHANGE ORGAN: LIVER This H&E stainedslide is preparedfrom a grosslyyellowcoloredenlargedliver. Theparenchymalcells (hepatocytes) showmarkedfattychange. Notethevariablesizedlipidvacuoles in thecytoplasmandperipherallydisplacednuclei. Rememberthatfatglobulesappear as emptyspaceswithroutine H&E stain.

  4. necrosis İntactvilli A-1 COAGULATION NECROSIS ORGAN: PLACENTA All of thesectionundergonecoagulationnecrosis. Theseareasareacidophilic. Thecellshave “tombstone” appearencethat is nucleardetail is lost, onlythebasiccellularshape, thesilhouette of thevilliandcellsarepreserved. You can stillrecognisethecelloutlineandtissuearchitecture

  5. silhouette of thevilli A-1 COAGULATION NECROSIS ORGAN: PLACENTA All of thesectionundergonecoagulationnecrosis. Theseareasareacidophilic. Thecellshave “tombstone” appearencethat is nucleardetail is lost, onlythebasiccellularshape, thesilhouette of thevilliandcellsarepreserved. You can stillrecognisethecelloutlineandtissuearchitecture.

  6. histiocytes A-3 FAT NECROSIS Organ: Breast – fattissue Microscopicfindings:Thesection is from an ill-definedmass in thebreastpresentfor 3 weeks. Thissectionconsistslargely of fibroustissuewithscatteredlymphocytes. Nearbythereareislands of fattissuewhich is replacedbyhistiocytes in someareas. Notethatyou can seetheshadowyoutlines of necroticfatcellsandthey do not havenuclei.

  7. B-8 FAT NECROSIS Organ:Breast Microscopicfindings:Thesection is from an ill-definedmass in thebreastpresentfor 3 weeks. Thissectionconsistslargely of fibroustissuewithscatteredlymphocytes. Nearbythereareislands of fattissuewhich is replacedbyhistiocytes in someareas. Notethatyou can seetheshadowyoutlines of necroticfatcellsandthey do not havenuclei.

  8. B-8 CASEIFICATION NECROSIS ORGAN: LymphNode Granulomaconsist of epithelioidhistiocytes (macrophages) surroundedbylymphocytes. Youmayseelanghanstypegiantcells in some of them. Inthecenter of a few of thegranulomas, necrosis is seen. This is a specialtype of necrosis. Theoutlines of thecellsare not preserved. Insteadyouseeamorphouseosinophilic (pink) materialwhichcontainscellulardebris.

  9. Lung necrosis B-8(2) CASEIFICATION NECROSIS ORGAN: Lung Granulomaconsist of epithelioidhistiocytes (macrophages) surroundedbylymphocytes. Youmayseelanghanstypegiantcells in some of them. Inthecenter of a few of thegranulomas, necrosis is seen. This is a specialtype of necrosis. Theoutlines of thecellsare not preserved. Insteadyouseeamorphouseosinophilic (pink) materialwhichcontainscellulardebris.

  10. Langhanstypegiantcell necrosis B-8(2) CASEIFICATION NECROSIS ORGAN: Lung Inthissection of thelung, thereareseveralround, nodularstructureswhicharecalledgranulomas. Eachgranulomaconsist of epithelioidhistiocytes (macrophages) ,surroundedbylymphocytes. Youmayseelanghanstypegiantcells in some of them. Thistype of giantcells, nucleiarrangedperipherally. Inthecenter of a few of thegranulomas, necrosis is seen. This is a specialtype of necrosiscalledcaseificationnecrosis.Theoutlines of thecellsare not preserved. Insteadyouseeamorphouseosinophilic (pink) materialwhichcontainscellulardebris.

  11. ectoservix Squamocolumnarjunction Squamousmetaplasia A-13 METAPLASIA Organ: Cervix Thesection is preparedfromuterinecervix. On one side there is ectoservix lined by squamous epithelium and it continues with endoservix lined by columnar epithelium is seen. You may easily see the squamocolumnar junction where columnar epithelium changes tosquamous epithelium called squamous metaplasia. Thereareglands in theendocervicalportion of thesection, linedbysimilarcolumnarepithelium. Whenyoulook at thesurfaceepitheliumcloselyyouwillseethatsomeparts of thecolumnarepitheliumtransformtosquamoustype of epithelium.

  12. A-13B METAPLASIAOrgan: Stomach Thesection is from a gastrectomyspecimen. On theslidesyouwillseethegastricmucosalinedbycolumnarepithelialcells. At somepartsthegastricepithelium is replacedbyintestinalmetaplasiawhich is composed of gobletcells, absoptive ‘brushborder’ cells

  13. A-13B METAPLASIAOrgan: Stomach PAS-AlcianBlue 2,5 staining: Normal gastricepithelium is brightpink (neutralmucin) andtheintestinalmetaplasiaareasarepurple (acidicmucin) in color.Therearegobletcells in thesemetaplasticareas. Mark thedifference. Gobletcells

  14. P-22 HYPERPLASIAOrgan: Prostate Examinebothstromalandepithelialcomponents. Thefibromuscularstromaandglandsareproliferated. Theglandularepithelium is generallyhyperplastic, someglandsshowcysticdilatationandcontaincorporaamylacea in thelumina.

  15. Corporaamylacea P-22 HYPERPLASIAOrgan: Prostate Theglandularepithelium is generallyhyperplastic, someglandsshowcysticdilatationandcontaincorporaamylacea in thelumina.

  16. nodules colloid A-14 ATROPHY-NODULAR HYPERPLASIA Organ: Thyroid Youseeone of thenoduleswhich has varioussizedfollicles. Thesefollicleshavecolloid in theirlumenandtheirepitheliallining is cuboidal. Aroundsomefollicles a homogenouspinkarea of hyalinisation is noted. Surroundingthenodulefibroustissueandatrophicthyroidfolliculesandgranulomatousinflammationareseen. Atrophicfollicleswhicharecompressedaresmallandtheirepitheliallining is flattened.

  17. Atrophicfollicles Follicles in nodule A-14 ATROPHY-NODULAR HYPERPLASIA Organ: Thyroid Youseeone of thenoduleswhich has varioussizedfollicles. Thesefollicleshavecolloid in theirlumenandtheirepitheliallining is cuboidal. Surroundingthenodulefibroustissueandatrophicthyroidfolliculesandgranulomatousinflammationareseen. Atrophicfollicleswhicharecompressedaresmallandtheirepitheliallining is flattened.

  18. HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS & ABNORMAL ACCUMULATIONSMORPHOLOGY OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

  19. Carbon pigment A-15 ANTHRACOSIS Organ: Lymphnode Inthecenter of thelymphnodelymphoidtissue is replacedby a fibroticstromarich in bloodvessels. Thisstroma is infiltratedbyhistiocyteswhichcontainblackgranules (carbon pigment). Youmayalsoseecarbon pigment withintheextracellularspace. 

  20. A-15 ANTHRACOSIS Organ: Lymphnode-highpower Stroma of thelymphnode is infiltratedbyhistiocytesthatcontainblackcarbon pigment.

  21. A-7a HEMOSIDEROSIS Organ: Ovary Theslide is preparedfrom an ovarywhich has a focus of endometriosis. Herewesee an area of oldbleeding. Thisarea is mainlycomposed of numeroushemosiderin-laden histiocytes. Trytoidentifyintracytoplasmicbrightyellow-brownappearingtinygranules of hemosiderinwithinhistiocytes(arrow). Thesecellsarecalled “siderophages”.

  22. melanocytes N-17 MELANIN PIGMENT Organ: Skin A lesioncomposed of melanincontainingmelanocytes is seenwithinthedermis. Thelesionalsocontainssomecellswhichdon’tcontainmelanin. Thesecellshaveplumpnuclei.

  23. C-3a CONGESTION Organ: Spleen Thesplenicsinusesaredilatedandfilledwithredbloodcells

  24. silhouettes of intestinalvilli C-6e INFARCTION Organ: Smallintestine An intensecongestionandsilhouettes of intestinalvilliareseen. Insomeslidesthere is extensiveredbloodcellextravasationandnecrosis of thebowel.

  25. C-4A THROMBOSISOrgan:Artery Thisslideillustratesarteryoccludedbythrombi. This is an organizedthrombus. Thewall of thearteries is calcified. thrombus calcification

  26. thrombus C-4B THROMBOSIS Organ: Vein Inthissectionwesee an enlargedvein in whichthelumen is completelyobliteratedby an organizedthrombus.

  27. B-6 ABSCESSOrgan: Skin Histology of the organ: A dermiscontainingcutaneousappenagessuch as hairfollicles, sebaceousglandsandsweatglandslinedby an epidermiscomposed of stratifiedsquamousepithelium. Beneaththedermisbeginsthesubcutaneousadiposetissue Microscopicfindings:There is a area of liquefactionnecrosisfilledwithneutrophilsintermingledwithhistiocytesandgiantcells. Thewall of thenecroticarea is rich in bloodvessels.

  28. Purulentexudate M-36a ACUTE INFLAMMATION Organ :Appendix Inthisslideyousee an inflamedappendixwall. Trytoexamineeachlayersubsequently. There is a purulentexudate in thelumen. Thecontinuity of themucousmembrane is not maintainedbecause of theerosionseenjustbeneaththatexudate. Notethattheedematouswall is diffuselyinfiltratedbyneutrophils. 

  29. İntactepithelium ulcer M-10 PEPTIC ULCER Organ: Stomach On bothsides of theslideyou can see normal gastrictissueand in themiddlethere is a localtissuedefect. Here, epithelium is theulcerated. Thesurface of it contains an inflammatoryexudatecomposed of necrotictissuedebrisandneutrophils. Beneaththistrytoseethegranulationtissuewhich is surroundedby a thinlayer of fibrouscollagenoustissue.

  30. Giantcell Foreign body in giantcell M-11 FOREIGN BODY REACTION Organ: Skin Inthissectionthere is rupturedfolliclecyst is seen. Aroundcystthere is a foreign body granulationtissuecomposed of giantcellsandlymphocytes. Suchforeign body giantcellshavenucleiscatteredhaphazardlyaboutthecell. There is refractilehairshaftfragments in some of thesegiantcells.Rememberthedifferencebetweenforeign body giantcellsandLanghan’stypegiantcellsthatseen in Tuberculosisinfection.

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