OBSERVATION AND PRESENTATION OF PHENOMENA IN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION

1. OBSERVATION AND PRESENTATION OF PHENOMENAIN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION Iwona Piotrowska Department of Geography Teaching and Ecological Education Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań

3. Presentation • Presentation in the teaching and communication process is a planned and systematic method of acting upon a defined group of students, during which it is crucial to inform, convince and motivate the listeners (Łasiński, 2000).

4. Presentation • The way in which the teacher passes on information, tries to make the student interested in the geographical environment and moulds his imagination, has a decisive effect not only on his learning progress, but also on his perception of the subject itself(Piotrowska, 2003).

5. Art of presentation It seems justified to approach the teacher's demonstration, discussion or explanation of geographical processes and objects as another art- that of presentation.

6. Preparation for presentation • Analysis of its aim • Methods • Recipients Thus, presentation is a task-oriented rather thous a spontaneous and unprepared activity (Łasiński, 2000).

7. Factors influencing good reception of presentation • Clear structure of the presentation • Contents as well as expression of the topic • Method of presenting the contents using visuals • Body language, i.e. author’s image, body posture and eye contact

8. Elements of presentation- Introduction • First impression determines the success of whole undertaking • Non-verbal communication occurs throughout the entire presentation • Eye contact with listeners as well as awareness of the facial expression and gestures • Introduction should be a well thought-out presentation • A plan or scenario is essential

9. Elements of presentation- Development • Excellent knowledge of the subject • Logical sequence and clarity of the message • Visuals that make the subject easier • Controlling symptoms of nervousness • Maintaining contact with listeners • Keeping track of time

10. Elements of presentation- Ending • This part aims at formulating the main theme of the entire presentation andsummarising its contents in demonstrated theses as well as finishing it off with adequate delivery.

11. Efficacy and attractiveness of the messagedepend on: • Knowledge • Contents • Skills • Strategy • Methods of presentation

12. Presentation methods • Reading • Delivering the text from memory • Demonstration

13. The message is easier to understand if use is made of: • Media: • Pictures • Slides • Transparency posters • Models • Films • Computer and multimedia programs • Internet resources

14. Demonstration and observation of phenomena Land use

15. Demonstration and observation of phenomena GIS and land use

16. Demonstration and observation of phenomena Land use change

17. Demonstration and observation of phenomena Tendency of phenomena

18. The principle of visualizationin geography education Direct and indirect observation Formation of geographical notion and images

19. An image acts better that wordssince it is:(Jay, 2000) • Faster • Time- saving • More efficient • Easier to memorize

20. Communication • When talking to each other, people send verbal and non-verbal messages.

21. Communication(Metartin 1997, za Łasiński 2000) 20% Speech 30% Method of lecturing 50% Body language

22. Speech • is of a linguistic variety (the languagemay be literary, colloquial or scientific). • very important are: • elements including associations • choice of words • correct syntax

23. Methodoflecturing • intonation • force and speed of speech • rhythm • pauses between sentences • pitch and tone of voice • articulation • dialects

24. Bodylanguage • facial expression • gestures • body posture • eye contact • involuntary physiological reactions • physical appearance • personal distance

25. Presentation and body language

26. Presentation and body language

27. Presentation, body language and gesticulation

28. From the teacher’s perspective, the ability to read and interpret non-verbal messages coming from students, sometimes termed intuition or perception, seems to be exceptionally important (Wołowik, 1998).

29. Ignoring signals coming from students during a lesson may result in a situation in which the planned method of presentation is not modified and thus the educational effect is impaired.

30. DistanceDistance is defined as a personal distance from otherpeople. • called ‘territory and the speaker’s safety zone’(Pease, 2004) • called also ‘speaker’s own space’(Hall after Pease, 2004) Types of spacing zones private (15-46 cm) personal (46-120 cm) social (120-360 cm) public (more than 360 cm)

31. Stress and presentation • „ The circle of fear” (Pijarowska, Seweryńska, 2002) 1. Thoughts 4. Presentation 2. Emotion 3. Physiological reactions

32. Barriers to effective communication (Łasiński 2000, modified)

33. How to prepare a presentation • perfect preparation of both its subject matter and of its methodological aspects • ‘dress rehearsal’ • visualization of success

34. A good presentation is(Łasiński, 2000) • prepared with competence • easy to understand • visual • interesting • ‘vivid’

35. In schools in the 21st century, in the time of unprecedented development of information technologies, GIS and the Internet, enormous importance is given to presentation skills of geography teachers regardless of the elected methods and techniques of geography instruction.

36. Thank you for your attention