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Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders. Like a Skunk by Barbara (diagnosed w/ schizophrenia)

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Psychological Disorders

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  1. Psychological Disorders Like a Skunk by Barbara (diagnosed w/ schizophrenia) My mental illness is like a skunk,People know very little about meBut neither do they care to know,Interlinking lives can be enrichingAnd much can be learned from one another,Fear from what has become as common knowledgePrevents them from any involvement whatsoeverAnd even causes others to go out of their wayFor the single purpose of avoiding me.

  2. What are they? Definition: behavior patterns or mental processes that cause serious personal suffering or interfere with a person’s ability to cope with everyday life Most people believe this is rare Most are not treated or admitted Nearly 1/3rd of adults in the U.S. have experienced a type of disorder

  3. Identifying Disorders What is normal? It’s hard to define normal vs. abnormal Usually equated with what is average for most people Most people with disorders don’t differ much from normal but certain aspects (behaviors/mental processes) of them are exaggerated

  4. Symptoms Behaviors are not typical Behaviors cause individual the inability to function in everyday life Extreme emotional discomfort Socially unacceptable behavior

  5. Classifying Psychological Disorders • Most widely used classification system: DSM-IV • Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders • 18 different categories of mental disorders • Subject to ongoing revision (PTSD only added after Vietnam War)

  6. Labeling http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUaXFlANojQ&feature=player_embedded (disturbed, nuts, crazy, psycho, mad, insane, loony, weird, freak, retard) Discussion: Go over our survey Pros & Cons

  7. Anxiety Disorders Anxiety: general state of dread or uneasiness Inability to relax, nervousness We all feel anxious at times but some feel it most of the time and it interferes with how they live their lives

  8. Panic Disorder • What is it? • Short period of intense fear identified by stressing physical symptoms • Symptoms: • Shortness of breath • Dizziness • Rapid heart rate • Nausea • Shaking • sweating

  9. Panic Disorder Cont. • Treatments: • Therapy to recreate situations and deal with them in a safe environment • Cause: • Genetics and major stress play a role • Misc: • Lasts minutes to hours • May believe they are dying or going crazy

  10. GAD (General Anxiety Disorder) • What is it? • An excessive or unrealistic worry about life that lasts at least 6 months • Symptoms: • Worries of finance • Work • Illness • accidents

  11. GAD Cont. • Treatments: • Anti-depressants • Make behavior changes • Cause: • Naturally occurring brain chemicals • Stressful life experiences • Misc: • Few seek treatment since it doesn’t seem much different than everyday worries

  12. PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) • What is it? • Intense, persistent feelings of anxiety caused by a traumatic event • Symptoms: • Flashbacks • Nightmares • Numbness of feelings • avoidance

  13. PTSD Cont. • Treatments: • Anti-anxiety medication • Sleeping aides • Cause: • Rape • Child abuse • Plane crash • war • Misc: • More than 1/3 of Hurricane Andrew (1992) victims suffered PTSD • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LM_nw5N3n-I&feature=BFa&list=PL11DFAE243F4F2A3B

  14. Specific Phobia • What is it? • Irrational fear of a particular object or situation • Symptoms: • When confronted with object or situation feel anxious • Avoid these objects & situations

  15. Phobias Cont. • Treatments: • Exposure therapy to face fears • Cause: • Possibly genetics • Threats from ancestors (cause us to fear snakes, sharp objects, heights) • Misc: • Most common anxiety disorder

  16. Phobia Examples • Triskaidekaphobia • Number 13 • Uxoriphobia • One’s wife • Phobophobia • Fear of fear • Trichophobia • hair • Numerophobia • Numbers • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQsiJ9ADFlQ&feature=relmfu

  17. Agoraphobia • What is it? • Fear of being in places where escape may be impossible or might cause you to panic/be embarrassed • -fear of open spaces • Symptoms: • Fear of crowded places: malls, trains, theaters • Never leave home • Have panic attacks hen confronted with these

  18. Agoraphobia Cont. • Treatments: • Anti-depressants and anti-anxiety medication • Counseling to face fear • Cause: • Accompanied with panic disorder often times • Misc: • Most common among adults • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=U0raMV9T6Mw

  19. OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) • What is it? • Obsessions: unwanted thoughts, ideas, mental images occurring repeatedly • Compulsions: repetitive behaviors often involving cleaning or checking something • Symptoms: • Checking locked doors dozens of times • Wash hands 500 times a day

  20. OCD Cont. • Treatments: • Drugs to increase serotonin in brain • Exposure therapy • Cause: • Learned habits from environment • Change in brain/ not enough serotonin • Misc: • Least common anxiety disorder • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dR8xVqSfXc&feature=BFa&list=PL11DFAE243F4F2A3B

  21. Mood Disorders We all experience mood changes When they become inappropriate or inconsistent with the situations faced is becomes a disorder

  22. MDD (Major Dispersive Disorder) • What is it? • extreme sadness • Must have symptoms for at least two weeks • Symptoms: • Loss of interest or enjoyment in activities • Weight loss or gain/change in appetite • Low energy • Sleeping more • Feel worthless • Thoughts of suicide • Can’t make decisions

  23. MDD Cont. • Treatments: • Immediate treatment is needed • Cause: • Not 100% known • Balance of hormones • Inherited traits • Traumatic life events • Misc: • Most common of all psychological disorders • Usually can go away, even without treatment, in under 6 months

  24. Bipolar Disorder • What is it? • Dramatic ups and downs in mood • Mania extreme excitement • Then changes to severe depression for no apparent reason • Symptoms: • Inflated self-esteem • Can’t sit still or sleep restfully • Pressure to keep talking/switch topics • Difficulty concentrating

  25. Bipolar Cont. • Treatments: • Lithium to stabilize mood • Hospitalized if dangerous to self • Magnetic field through brain helps as an antidepressant • Cause: • Unknown but some triggers: • Physical change in brain • Imbalance in hormones • inherited • Misc: • Formerly called manic depression • -manic phase causes delusions, hallucinations (hearing voices) causing individual to make wild decisions (occasionally misdiagnosed as schizophrenia) • -less than 1% of population

  26. Schizophrenia Usually considered the most serious of disorders Characterized by loss of contact with reality Difficult to function independently

  27. Paranoid Schizophrenia • What is it? • Delusions and frequent auditory hallucinations all relating to a single theme • Convinced people are plotting against them • Symptoms: • Emotional distance • Anxiety • Violence • Hear voices • Suicidal thoughts

  28. Paranoid Cont. • Treatments: • Needs lifelong treatment even when patient seems better • Medication • ECT cause small seizure to reduce symptoms • Hospitalization for safety at times • Cause: • Brain disorder • Could be genetic • Possible virus during prenatal stage

  29. Catatonic Schizophrenia • What is it? • Disturbance of movement • Hold unusual, uncomfortable positions for a long time • Symptoms: • Flexibility • Hold poses for hours

  30. Catatonic Cont. • Treatments: • Same • Cause: • Different brain structure • Could be genetic • Possible virus during prenatal stage

  31. Disorganized Schizophrenia • What is it? • Incoherent in thought and speech • Disorganized in behavior • Emotionless or show inappropriate emotions • Symptoms: • Act silly • Speak nonsense • Some hallucinations

  32. Disorganized Cont. • Treatments: • same • Cause: • Different brain structure • Could be genetic • Possible virus during prenatal stage • Misc: • More severe • Unable to perform daily activities

  33. Somatoform Disorders Somatization: expressions of psychological distress through physical symptoms Example: paralysis

  34. Hypochondriasis • What is it? • Unrealistic thoughts/worries that he/she has a serious illness • Symptoms: • Convinced small symptoms are a serious illness • Visits doctor after doctor

  35. Hypochondriasis Cont. • Treatments: • counseling • Cause: • Life experiences • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UxK1rcU2gk

  36. Conversion Disorder • What is it? • Change in or loss of physical functioning in a major part of the body with no known medical explanation • Symptoms: • Inability to see at night • Can’t move legs • Show little concern about it

  37. Conversion Cont. • Treatments: • Usually gets better on own after doctor says it’s okay • Cause: • Stressful event • From having depression • Part of brain muscles & senses is involved • Misc: • They are NOT faking it

  38. Dissociative Disorders Dissociation: the separation of certain personality component or mental processes from conscious thought Becomes a problem when we use it as a way to avoid stressful events or feelings

  39. DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder) • What is it? • Existence of two or more personalities in one individual • Take turns controlling individual • Symptoms: • See different traits and facial expressions • Different allergies and eye glasses

  40. DID Cont. • Treatments: • Hypnosis • Counseling to improve relationships with others • Cause: • Usually severely abused as a child • Misc: • Formerly multiple personality disorder

  41. Dissociative Amnesia • What is it? • Sudden loss of memory usually after a stressful or traumatic event • Symptoms: • May last for a few hours or years • Memory likely to suddenly return and not recur

  42. Amnesia Cont. • Treatments: • Hypnosis to deal with traumatic event • Art therapy to cope • antidepressants • Cause: • Traumatic event triggers • Misc: • Natural disasters • soldiers

  43. Dissociative Fugue • What is it? • Forgetting personal info and past events • Suddenly relocating and taking on a new identity • Symptoms: • Follows traumatic event • Take on new identity • At end they don’t remember fugue state

  44. Fugue Cont. • Treatments: • Hypnosis • Art therapy • antidepressants • Cause: • Traumatic event

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