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The Road to War 1931-1941

The Road to War 1931-1941. 2/27 Bell ringer. Conclusion sentences. 2/27 Bell ringer. What observations can you make about this illustration? What inferences can you make about this illustration? Predict what you think we’re talking about today.

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The Road to War 1931-1941

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  1. The Road to War 1931-1941

  2. 2/27 Bell ringer • Conclusion sentences.

  3. 2/27 Bell ringer • What observations can you make about this illustration? • What inferences can you make about this illustration? • Predict what you think we’re talking about today. • Objective: Students will be able to identify the causes of the rise of fascism and totalitarian governments and its impact by completing a graphic organizer.

  4. Bitter Peace  Bitter feelings over Treaty of Versailles Worldwide Depression

  5. Totalitarianism  Dictatorship Complete Control Terror Propaganda

  6.  Fascism Totalitarian State Extreme forms of Nationalism Prejudice

  7.  Josef Stalin was the ruthless fascist leader of the USSR. He wanted Russia to industrialize to defend & expand her influence in the world. Had his enemies killed or exiled

  8. Reign of Terror • Purges • Process of removing enemies and undesirable individuals from power • Great Purge • 1934 “show trials” – guilty was the only verdict • Paranoia • Millions killed or sent to labor camps

  9. Cult of Personality • Names • Brilliant Genius of Humanity • Father of Nations • Son Yakov • Suicide Attempt • Red Army Service

  10.  Benito Mussolini was a fascist who used violence to rise to power in Italy. His ‘Black Shirts’ invaded North Africa, Somalia & Ethiopia.

  11. Il Duce • Blackshirts • Threat on Rome • Invaded and took Ethiopia • Economic Improvement

  12. Francisco Franco was the Fascist General of Spain. In the Spanish civil war, he fought against the republican government aided by Communist Russia!

  13.  Adolf Hitler Fascist dictator of Germany.

  14. Adolf Hitler was… born in Austria high school drop-out struggling artist as a corporal in WWI, he was gassed & wounded.

  15.  Anti-Semitism Hitler had a hatred of Jews. Scapegoat: a person/group who is falsely assigned blame He was determined to exterminate the Jews who he blamed for Germany’s defeat in WWI.

  16. NAZIS National Socialist German Workers The party had 55,000 members in 1923!

  17. Swastika Became the symbol of the Nazi Party.

  18. ‘Beer Hall’Putsch Nazis failed in 1923 to take over Bavaria. They surrounded leading officials in a beer hall but were unsuccessful in the end.

  19. Hitler went to…. Landsberg Prison in 1924 Was imprisoned for a year after the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch.

  20.  Mein Kampf Hitler wrote the “guidebook” of the Nazi party while in prison.

  21. Hitler wrote….. ‘democracy is a fraud’ & ‘the only good government is a dictatorship.’ He predicted his ‘Third Reich’ would last a thousand years!

  22. Exit Ticket • Create and complete the following chart on your own paper: Country Leader Fascist Countries Prediction: How does the rise of Fascism lead to World War II? Italy Hitler Japan

  23. Inflation! Due to reparation payments, the economy fell apart. Inflation ‘ran wild’ is an understatement. A loaf of bread went from 10, to 1000, to 1 billion marks. ‘Heil Hitler!’ Depression left Germans ‘leaderless, hungry & helpless.’

  24. ‘Pep’ Rally! Hitler held ‘mass’ rallies to excite Germans & make them proud! Swastika banners & flags were everywhere with hour long orations of hate & glory.

  25. Der Fuhrer • 1932 – Nazis Largest party in Reichstag • 1933 – Hitler appointed Chancellor by the President • Brownshirts intimidate • March 1933 – Reichstag Burned Down • Nazis blame Communists • August 1934 – President dies and Hitler declares himself Der Fuhrer

  26. Rhineland In 1936, Germany moved its’ ‘enormous new army’ into this ‘demilitarized’ area. Hitler & Mussolini slipped arms & men into Spain to support Fascist General Franco.

  27. Unify Hitler wanted to ‘annex’ all the ‘Germans’ of Austria, Czechoslovakia & Poland! Some German professors supported him, & millions of Germans ‘went along.’

  28. ‘Homecoming’ Austria was invaded & annexed by Germany in March 1938.

  29. SUDETENLAND Hitler then demanded a section of Czechoslovakia inhabited by 3 million people of German ancestry.

  30.  Appeasement Granting concessions to an enemy in an attempt to maintain peace.

  31. Munich Pact Leaders of Britain & France met with Hitler on September 28, 1938. Chamberlain did not want to risk war to save the Czech republic.

  32. ‘I’ll take it!’ Czechoslovakia was dismembered & part given to Germany! Hitler takes a tour of a Czech city after he took over the country.

  33. ‘I hold in my hand the paper..’ Chamberlain said he had achieved ‘peace in our time’…. …as Hitler occupied the Sudetenland.

  34. Churchill’s Disapproval Munich proved appeasement is a ‘dangerous’ policy. “Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.”

  35. SEIZURE! After the seizure of Czechoslovakia, Britain pledged aid to Poland in case of a threat. Britain made similar pledges to Greece & Romania! On March 15, 1939, Hitler seized the rest of the country! The policy of appeasement was exposed as a failure.

  36. Non-Aggression Germany got W. Poland & the USSR was free to take Finland, Estonia, Lativia & E. Poland. Germany & Russia pledged not to attack each other for a period of 10 years.

  37. Causes of WWII Treaty of Versailles The rise of fascism in Europe Japanese imperialism.

  38.  SEPT 1, 1939 The event that started WWII in Europe was Germany’s invasion of Poland.

  39. September 3, 1939 • Britain & France declared war on Germany • Russia marched into Poland from the east 2 weeks later!

  40.  Axis Powers! Germany, Italy, & Japan. You must be able to locate them on a map of Europe.

  41.  Allied Powers • France, England, Russia & US • You must be able to locate them on a map of Europe.

  42. Mini-quiz On what date did WWII start? Name the two fascist dictators? What country was in the middle of a civil war? Who was the ruthless leader of Russia? What country was invaded prompting the beginning of the war?

  43. Text Notes The real fighting didn’t start until a year after Britain and France declared war on Germany. It was called a ‘phony’ war, but in April 1940 Hitler launched a new kind of war!

  44. Maginot Line tunnels, forts & antitank fields that ran along the border between France and Germany. The line ran 350 miles & the forts, like this one, were made of concrete.

  45. “PHONY WAR” As Hitler was moving his troops back from Poland, there was no fighting along the French border.

  46.  Blitzkrieg! ‘Lightning War’ was Hitler’s surprising strategy. It depended upon airpower & used the fastest new vehicles to overwhelm the enemy!

  47. Spring 1940 Germany invaded Denmark & Norway! The ‘Phony War’ ended & the world was shocked that the Nazis had pulled this off using bicycles. • Hitler attacked the Netherlands, Belgium & Luxembourg. • From there, he bypassed the Maginot line & lunged deep into France.

  48. June 14, 1940 French resistance collapsed & Paris fell. Thousands of weeping men & women lined the streets helpless.

  49. ‘New PM’ “The ‘pugnacious’ Winston Churchill replaced Chamberlain as Prime Minister.”

  50. ‘One is the loneliest number…..’ Britain stood alone protected only by her navy & R.A.F.

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