Lesson Twenty-seven Cambridge-------A University Town

1. Lesson Twenty-sevenCambridge-------A University Town • Guide Questions • Analysis and Explanation • Reading Comprehension • Summary of The Lesson

2. Guide Questions • Is Milan one of the University towns? • What is a university town? • How did Cambridge become a center of learning? • How many colleges in Cambridge today? • Where do today’s students live at Cambridge? • Is John Smith very active in his social life? • When was the busiest bike traffic in the city? • Why does the writer advise you to stop your car and wait during class intervals? return

3. Cambridge is one of the world’s leading universities which is also one of the two oldest seats of learning in England. Its history dates back to 1209 when several hundred students and teachers came to the little town of Cambridge from Oxford and it consists of a number of colleges founded and build one after another with money from kings, Queen, religious houses and other sources and thus it become a center of learning.The authority of the head of the University, the chancellor, was recognized by the king in 1226. return

4. Students’social and sports life centers on the college, although they will also join various university societies and clubs. Cambridge is famous for its first-class education. Many great men studied there ,such as Bacon（培根） ,Newton（牛顿）,Byron（拜伦）.Today as a coeducational, self-governing body, the university has a total of nearly 30 colleges and approved societies about 8250 undergraduates and over 2000 postgraduates return

5. Cambridge--A University TownCambridge University is one of the oldest and most famous universities in the world. This article tells about its history and development as well as what it is like today .When we say that Cambridge is a university town ,we do not mean just that it is a town with a university in it . Manchester and Milan have universities. but we do not call them university towns A university town likeUppsala, Coimbra, Salamanca or Heidelberg—— is one where there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city .The university is not just one part of the town; it is all over the town. The heart of Cambridge has its shops, pubs,market-place and so on, but most of it is university —— colleges, faculties, libraries , clubs and other places for university staff and students .Students fill the shops, cafes banks, and churches,making these as well partof the university.return

6. The town was there first .Two Roman roads crossed there ,and there are signs of building before Roman times (earlier than A.D.43).Troublein Oxford in 1209 caused some students and their teachers to move. Cambridge became a center of learning ,and the authority of the headof the university ,the chancellor, was recognised by the king in 1226. At that time many of the students were very young(about fifteen), and many of the teachers were not more than twenty-one .At first they found lodgings where they could,but this led to trouble between “town and gown,”and many students were too poor to afford lodgings. Colleges were opened so that students could live cheaply. This was the beginning of the college system which has continued at Cambridge up to the present day. return

7. The colleges were built with money from kings, queens, religious houses, or other sources. One example is Clare College. It was first founded in 1326 asUniversity Hall. After the Black Death(a disease which killed nearly half the population of England between 1349 and 1350) it was refounded with money from the Countess of Clare .In providing it,the Countess stated that the college was to be for the education of priestsand scholars.Today there are nearly thirty Colleges .The newest are University College, founded in 1965, and Clare Hall, founded in 1966, both for graduates. Very few students can now live in college for the whole of their course ;the numbers are too great . Many of them live in lodgings —“digs ”— at first and move into college for their final year .return

8. But every student is a member of his college from the beginning .While he is in “digs” he must eat a number of meals in the college hall each week .His social and sports life centers on the college, although he will also join various university societies and clubs.To make this clearer, take the imaginarycase of John Smith.He is an undergraduate at Queen’s College .His rooms are on E staircase, not far from his tutor’s rooms on C staircase .He has dinnerin the fine old college hall four times a week. He plays rugger for Queen’sand hopes tobe chosen to play for the university this year. His other favourite sport is boxing , and he is a member of the university club. He is “reading” history ,and goes once a week to Emmanuel Collegeto see his supervisor to discuss his work and his lectures. He belongs to several university societies — the Union, the Historical Society, a photographic club, and so on —— and to a number of college societies.return

9. With about 8520 undergraduates like John Smith and over 2000 postgraduates, the city is a busy place in “full term”. Undergraduates are not allowed to keep cars in Cambridge, so nearly all of them use bicycles. Don’t try to drive through Cambridge during the five minutes between lectures. On Mondays John Smith has a lecture in Downing Collegeending at 9:55 and another in Trinity at 10.His bicycle must get him there through a boiling sea of other bicycles hurrying in all directions.If you are in Cambridge at five minutes to the hour any morning of full term, you know that you are in a university town .Stop in some safe place and wait.returnFrom Reading for Adults,ed.,R.D.Lewis,Longman,1973 Approximately 690 words.

10. Analysis and ExpressionThis article tells about its history and development as well as whatit is like today.( introduction)as well as : conj. not only…but also…1)When it is linked with a verb, we often put“–ing”after it .She sings as well as playing the piano.He’s got a cleaning job as well as working during the day.2)When it is linked with two subjects, the verb form of the predicate should be written according to the first subject.I as well as they, am going to have a rest.He as well as I, wants to go swimming.return

11. Cambridge: a city in the east of England return

12. Manchester( ): a city in the northwest of English Milan ( ): a city in northern Italy return

13. Uppsala( ): a city in the east of Sweden; Coimbra( ): a city in central Portugal; Salamanca( ) : a city in the west of Spain;Heidelberg( ) : a city in Germany return

14. pubs: short form for public houses — places where people go for a drink.return

15. … making these as well part of the university : making these part of the university as well. 1)“These” means shops, cafes, banks and churches;part of the university is object complement. 2)as well : too. The biography（ 传记） tells about the poet’s life and his poems as well.return

16. Trouble in Oxford in 1209 caused some students and their teachers to move: When in 1209 the towns people of Oxford hanged several students in revenge for killing a citizen, the whole University left the city and the greater part went to Cambridge.return

17. … and the authority of the head of the university , the chancellor, was recognized by the king in 1226.recognize: 承认The law finally recognized the workers claims as justified. 法律最后承认工人的要求是正当的。return

18. … but this led to trouble between “ town and gown”1)lead to: result in 导致 通向。These evening courses will lead to an academic degree.2) town and gown: the people in the town and the members of the university who wear a traditional cloak（外衣）on top of their ordinal clothes.return

19. Colleges : Separate bodies of the university ,with their own buildings where students live . return

20. Clare College ( ) ：克莱尔学院。return

21. University Hall: Name of a building where students live。大学生宿舍。return

22. In providing it, the countess states that the college was to be for the education of priests and scholars.伯爵夫人在捐款时声明说，该学院是为了培养教士和学者。1)was to be for: must be for 表示一种命令。Tell her she’s not to be back late .告诉她，不可以晚。Our teacher made it clear that we were to hand in our exercises next Monday 老师明确地告诉我们必须在下周一交作业2）plan to do sth.The Queen is to visit Japan next year.return

23. Many of them live in Lodgings — “digs”— at first and move into college for their final year. 1)to live in lodgings: at private lodgings 2)digs: 寄宿舍他们当中许多人在入学时都住私人出租的房子——“寄宿宿舍”——直到最后一年才能搬进学校。return

24. His social and sports life centers on the college ， although he will also join various university societies and clubs. 1)Center on : concentrate on 集中在The discussion centers on the most import question. 2) Societies: groups of persons joined together for a common purpose or for a commoninterest.社团return

25. To make this clear, take the imaginary case of Jone Smith.take the case of :to take sth. for example Let me take the case of the Unite States as illustrating what I mean.让我以美国为例说明我的意思。return

26. He has dinner in the fine old college hall .old: if“old” is put before a noun, it means emphases sometimes.to have a fine (good ,high) old time.过得极愉快。Any old things will do.随便什么都行。return

27. He plays rugger（橄揽球） for Queen’s :is a member of Queen’s College rugger team.return

28. Emmanuel College( ): 伊曼纽学院return

29. …,the city is a busy place in “full term” full term: when all students are attending their classes. return

30. Downing( ) College: 唐宁学院 return

31. Trinity() college:三一学院 return

32. His bicycle must get him there through a boiling sea of other bicycles hurrying in all directions: This sentence means many students are riding bicycles before lectures start.. to get:使某人或某物处于某种状态。 They failed 665times before they finally get it right. 他们失败了665次，最后一次才取得成功。 He tried to get me interested in the idea 。 他设法使我对这种想法感兴趣。 return

33. If you are in Cambridge at five minutes to the hour any morning of full term, you know that you are in a university town. 1)at five minutes to the hour: at five minutes before lectures start 2)“know”:Here it means experience . “体验，经历” He has known both grief and happiness. History knows only two kinds of war, just and unjust. return

34. Reading Comprehension True or False • Kings and queens financed to set up the colleges of Cambridge. F • At Cambridge, every student belongs to a member of his college. T The colleges in Cambridge are for the education of priests and scholars. T • John Smith goes once a week to another college to see his his tutor. T • You’d better go on food when attending your classes. F return

35. Multiple-choice 1. We call Cambridge a university town because_________. • [A] over 10 000 students are studying there • [B] all the shops, cafes, and banks are run by the university • [C] the university is all over the town • [D] it has nearly Cambridge students was _________. key: [C] return

36. 2. The main problem facing the early Cambridge students was _______ . • [A] how to guard against townspeople • [B] how to find a cheap living place • [C] how to get a place in one of the colleges as soon as they entered the university • [D] how to find experienced teachers Key: [B] return

37. 3. We learn from the text that students at Cambridge_____. • [A] are encouraged to live in the college all through the four years. • [B] Are required to eat all their meals in the college hall • [C] Have a very active social life apart from their regular studies • [D] Are allowed to use cars Key: [C] return

38. 4. The imaginary case of John Smith shows____________. • [A] an undergraduate at Cambridge leads a full life • [B] students at Cambridge chiefly study on their own • [C] social activity is the main part of a student’s school life • [D] a rugger player can be a good student at Cambridge Key: [A] return

39. 5. The last paragraph tells us that _________. • [A] it is impossible for a student to get to his classroom in time • [B] it is hard for a stranger to drive in Cambridge • [C] it is not safe to walk on Cambridge streets • [D] it is almost impossible to drive through the busy, crowded streets at 5 minutes to the hour in full term Key: [D] return

40. Questions for discussion • What does the author mainly tell us in the text? • What’s the author’s suggestion in this text? return

41. Comment • Trouble in Oxford in 1209 • Cambridge was founded because of problems at Oxford University.In 1209 several hundred students and teachers came to the little town of Cambridge. These students were churchman and had been studying at Oxford ‘s well-known schools .But life was not easy for them, there was constant trouble, even fighting ,between the townsfolk and the students. Then one day one student accidently killed a man of the town. The Mayor arrested three other students who were innocent, ,and by the order of King John (1199 —— 1216) they were put to death by hanging. In protest, many students and scholars moved elsewhere, some coming to Cambridge. return

42. Outline of the textComment on the storyreturn

43. Answer:No, it isn’t. return

44. Answer:A university town is one where there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city. The university is not just one part of the town :it is all over the town. return

45. Answer:A new university came into being because of trouble in Oxford in 1209.With colleges being founded one after another, Cambridge became a center of learning. return

46. Answer:Nearly 30 colleges. return

47. Answer:Since there are too many students at Cambridge, it is impossible for all of them to live on campus for the whole of their course. .Many students live in lodgings outside the college and move into college for their final year. return

48. Answer:Yes ,he is. return

49. Answer:All the students are attending their classes.return

50. Answer:Because there is a great deal of bicycle traffic during class intervals. return