Institutional Transplantation i n Education - Cultural Transfusion to a New Institution

1. Institutional Transplantation in Education- Cultural Transfusion to a New Institution Vivek Sakhrani (presenting author) AikateriniBagiati Sanjay Sarma Richard de Neufville Special thanks to Dara Fisher, Stella Kournelaki Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) & MIT-SUTD Collaboration WEEF 2012 Forum October 15 - 18, 2012 Buenos Aires

2. Singapore University of Technology & Design (SUTD) • New, engineering-oriented university in Singapore • Inaugural cohort of 320 students • First classes on May 7, 2012 • Largest & most holistic transplantation venture of MIT to date V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

3. Singapore University of Technology & Design (SUTD) SUTD envisions: • The best regional university for design and engineering education in South East Asia • A culture of independence, bottoms-up innovation and and multi-disciplinary collaboration V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

4. MIT – SUTD Collaboration Collaborative Curriculum Development Immersive New Faculty Development Students’ Culture Formation Critical Building-Blocks / Pathways V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

5. “Institutional Transplantation” in Education • Definition: “a process in which a host environment borrows an institution from another environment (the model) for the purposes of enhancing or improving the host environment.” • Comparative Education (Phillips et al., 2009) • Inherent Assumptions: • Successful model in donor environment • Selective grafting or replication is possible V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

6. “Institutional Transplantation” in Education An early warning (Sadler, 1900) “…we cannot wander at pleasure among the educational systems of the world…and pick off a flower from one bush and some leaves from another…” Holistic educational transfer requires multiple pathways V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

7. Issue: Re-engineering Engineering Education • Vision of the Engineer of 2020 – and beyond (NRC, 2004 ; NAE, 2005) • Today’s engineering students, tomorrow’s leaders • A global issue, central to the technological, economic and labor competitiveness of many nations Engineer of the future must be produced by educational institutions of the future V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

8. International Collaborations • The comparative advantage argument • Expertise, resource/environmental endowment, niche markets High Establishing new universities collaboratively Joint degree programs Degree of Intellectual Collaboration International Campus Study abroad International Campus Low Online Low High Degree of Structural Similarity V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

9. A Self-Preservation Strategy for MIT • Retain Global Relevance • World’s most challenging and compelling problems are not nationally or geographically specific • “Mens et Manus” = Mind & Hand • Balancing academic and practical impact for global effectiveness • Resources • Diversifying channels to support research and educational innovation V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

10. MIT – SUTD Collaboration Collaborative Curriculum Development Immersive New Faculty Development Students’ Culture Formation Critical Building-Blocks / Pathways V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

11. Collaborative Curriculum Development Initial course development at MIT, taught at SUTD • Courses: project-based active learning • Structure: common first year “freshmore” • Dual masters and dual post-docs • Co-curricular emphasis V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

12. MIT-SUTD Faculty Development Program Goal: nurture the formation of a collective self-identity • Structure: • Year-long • Small cohorts (6 to 8 professors) • One semester overlap • 70 professors over next 5 – 7 years • Intentionally designed activities and programs delivered in bi-weekly seminars • Bi-weekly Seminars: • Orientation • Self-organized teams & exercises • Pedagogy • Hands-on exercises • Academic Life…at MIT and beyond • Reflection and Evaluation V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

13. Students’ Culture Formation • Best communicated within student body • Interaction with older student cohorts • Recruit MIT students as “surrogate upperclassmen” • MISTI-Singapore Leadership Initiative • Student governance emerging • 25+ student organizations Hacks.mit.edu “Bicilivadora” Lima, Peru MIT D-Lab V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

14. Lessons so far… Collaborative Curriculum Development Classes have begun… but curriculum is very much a work in progress Immersive New Faculty Development ‘Writing letters home…’ is hard Attrition from leadership program Students’ Culture Formation We need to evaluate and maintain ‘persistence’ Staff and administrators ? V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

15. References • Bagiati, A., Sakhrani, V., Sarma, S., De Neufville, R. Approaching Institutional Transplantation through Faculty Development. To appear in the 2012 SEFI Conference Proceedings, September 2012, Thessaloniki, Greece. • Beech, J., Cowen, R., & Kazamias, A. M. Who is Strolling Through the Global Garden? International Agencies and Educational Transfer International Handbook of Comparative Education. Vol. 22, (2009) pp. 341-357. Springer Netherlands. • Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., Cocking, R. R., National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, W. D. C. C. o. B., Social, S., & Education. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Expanded Edition. • Cantor, J. A. Delivering instruction to adult learners. Toronto: Wall & Emerson (2001). • CDIO - Conceive Design Implement Operate Retrieved in April 10th 2012 from http://web.mit.edu/edtech/casestudies/cdio.html • Felder, R. M., Brent, R., & Prince, M. J. Engineering Instructional Development: Programs, Best Practices, and Recommendations.Vol.100, No.1. (2011). • First Year Engineering Program – Purdue University. Retrieved on May 20th 2012 from https://engineering.purdue.edu/ENE/Academics/FirstYear. • Fullan, M., G. Staff development, innovation, and institutional development. In Changing school culture through staff development. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Deelopment Yearbook. (1990). pp. 3-25. Alexandria, VA: American Society for Curriculum Development. • Jong, M., Mamadouh, V., & Lalenis, K. Two Contrasting Perspectives on Institutional Transplantation The Theory and Practice of Institutional Transplantation Vol. 74, (2003). pp. 19-32): Springer Netherlands. V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014

16. References • Leslie, S.W., Kargon, R. Exporting MIT: Science, Technology, and Nation-building in India and Iran. OSIRIS 2006, Vol.21 (2006). pp110 -130, History of Science Society • Lohmann, J. R., Rollins Jr., H. A., & Hoey, J. J. Defining, developing and assessing global competence in engineers. European Journal of Engineering Education, Vol.31, No1 (2006). pp119-131. • MIT International Advisory Committee. Guiding Strategies for MIT’s International Activities: Final Report. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2009). • National Research Council. How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition. (2000) . Washington DC: National Academy Press. • National Research Council. The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century. (2004). Washington DC: National Academy Press. • National Research Council. "Front Matter." Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. (2007) Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. • Perry, L., & Tor, G.-h. Understanding educational transfer: theoretical perspectives and conceptual frameworks. Prospects, Vol.38, No4 (2008). pp 509-526. doi: 10.1007/s11125-009-9092-3 • Phillips, D., Cowen, R., & Kazamias, A. M. Aspects of Educational Transfer International Handbook of Comparative Education Vol. 22, (2009). pp. 1061-1077: Springer Netherlands. • Reif, L. Rafael. MIT’s Approach to International Engagement. MIT Faculty Newsletter Vol. XXIII No. 3 (January / February 2011). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. • Sadler, M. (1900) How far can we learn anything of practical value from the study of foreign systems of education? Address given to Guildford Education Conference, 20th Oct 1900. Reprinted as Bereday, G.Z.F. (1964). Sir Michael Sadler’s “Study of Foreign Systems of Education”. Comparative Education Review. Vol 7 No 3. • Samuels, Richard J., Yue, Dick K.P. Mens et Manus et Mundus: New Directions for Global Education and Research at MIT. MIT Global Council Report. (2009). • Scales, K., Owen, C., Shiohare, S., & Leonard, M. Preparing for Program Accreditation Review Under ABET Engineering Criteria 2000: Choosing Outcome Indicators Journal of Engineering Education, Vol.87, No3. (1998). V. Sakhrani September 25, 2014