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Agenda Tuesday, July 19

Agenda Tuesday, July 19. Cash-crops role play exercise Isaacman and Searing. Lecture: The colonial apex. Background: Eastern Nigeria and the Aba Women’s War. . Cash crops role-play exercise. Mozambique

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Agenda Tuesday, July 19

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  1. AgendaTuesday, July 19 • Cash-crops role play exercise • Isaacman and Searing. • Lecture: The colonial apex. • Background: Eastern Nigeria and the Aba Women’s War.

  2. Cash crops role-play exercise • Mozambique • Goal: create an ideal economic cash crop policy, within the context identified by Isaacman. • Secondary goal: examine and explain the rationalizations for Portuguese policies of forced labour, and understand the range of responses open to peasants. • Group 1: Portuguese colonialists • Group 2: Mozambican peasants • Senegal • Goal: to understand what motivated and shaped the development of the peanut economy. • Secondary goal: examine and account for the role of the colonial state in developing the peanut economy. • Group 3: Senegalese household head • Group 4: Administration and trading groups/classes

  3. The colonial apex • Tremendous social growth and change, 1920s and 1930s • Stability and peace • New social and economic opportunities • Population boom • Greater access to education

  4. …colonial challenges • New elites vs. entrenched hierarchies. • Workers; wealth, identity, networks, control. • Peasants; new social standing. • Development of new identities. • Challenges to traditional rulers.

  5. Colonial attempts at containment: 1920s-1939 • Critiques from within the colonial bureaucracy. • Response; greater intervention, enlargement of state. • ‘Retribalization’; shore up support for traditional rulers and indirect rule. • Problems with colonial notion of ‘tribe’

  6. Second wave of colonialism, 1939-1950s • Turn away from indirect rule, greater colonial influence. • Colonial Welfare and Development Acts, 1940 and 1945. • New emphases on political and economic development. • Mechanization of agriculture • Promotion of industry • Environmental degradation

  7. Tanganyika groundnut scheme • Embodiment of second-wave colonialism. • Mechanized peanut cultivation, akin to Canadian prairies. • Failure of equipment. • Poor choice of land. • Net loss: £49 million.

  8. Background to the Aba ‘Women’s war’ • Interpretations have attributed the conflict to; • Taxation • Gender conflict • Secondary resistance • Anti-colonial nationalism • Class conflict • Agitation against chiefs/indirect rule

  9. Pre-colonial Igbo • Heterarchical societies. • Governed by assemblies of common (titled) people. • Comparable to republican assemblies, modern democracy.

  10. Pacification • 1901-1914, sporadic disturbance until 1920. • Fought on a town-by-town basis. • Lack of larger political unity. • Drawn-out and violent conflict.

  11. Colonial Nigeria, Eastern Province • Creation of ‘warrants’ and ‘warrant chiefs’ • Spread of Christianity. • Imposition of tax.

  12. Significant themes • Taxation • Imposed on men in 1928. • In pre-colonial society, women were not taxed on produce, merchandise or possessions. • ‘Sitting’ • Form of protest, rooted in pre-colonial society. • Designed to shame, until accused repents and offers restitution. • Mainly non-violent, could involve destruction of property.

  13. Aba Women’s War: Historical commission of inquiry • Terms of reference: • to uncover the individual causes of the ‘women’s war’, and assess their contribution to stimulating the conflict. • to identify historical interpretations of the conflict, and assess their arguments and agendas. • Group 1: Perham • Group 2: Van Allen • Group 3: Bastian • Group 4: Chuku • Each group must be prepared to present the evidence from their article, and provide initial assessment. • Each group must ask one question for each of the other articles, highlighting their main themes, ideas, or arguments.

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