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EMEP intensive measurements on mineral dust in PM 10 : preliminary results in summer 2012

This study presents preliminary results of intensive measurements on mineral dust in PM10 during the summer of 2012. The study analyzes the spatial variation of major elements, ratios between major elements, African dust episodes, trace elements, sea salt levels, and mineral load. The results provide insights into the origin and composition of mineral dust and its impact on air quality.

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EMEP intensive measurements on mineral dust in PM 10 : preliminary results in summer 2012

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  1. EMEP intensive measurements on mineral dust in PM10: preliminary results in summer 2012 A Alastuey, X Querol, F. Lucarelli, W Aas N. Pérez, T. Moreno, H. Areskoug, V. Balan, F. Cavalli, J. N. Cape, M. Catrambone, D. Ceburnis, S.Conil, L. Gevorgyan, C. Hueglin, N. Mihalopoulos, M. Mitosinkova, J.-P. Putaud, S.Sauvage, K. Sellegri, G. Spindler 14th Task Force on Measurement and Modelling Meeting: Zagreb (Croatia), 6-8 May 2013

  2. SE12 GB48 IE31 DE44 SK06 FR09 MD13 CH02 FR30 IT04 AM01 ES1778 IT01 GR02 Sites • Site masl • AM01 Amberd 2080 • MD13 Leova 156 • SK06 Starina 345 • CH2 Payerne 489 • DE44 Melpitz 86 • FR30 Pud de Dôme 1465 • GR02 Finokalia 250 • IT01 Montelibreti 48 • ES1778 Montseny 740 • IT04 Ispra 209 • FR09 Revin 390 • IE31 Mace Head 15 • GB48 Auchencorth Moss 260 • SE12 Aspvreten 20

  3. PM10 Low volume samplers 16.7 – 38.2 LPM 24 h – samples from 7/June to 17/July 2012 Teflon filters - PALL

  4. External PIXE set-up at the LABEC laboratory (Florence) “daily samples” i~ 50-100 nA Measuring time: ~ 0.5 - 3 minutes Daily samples measured in 1 day 150- 300 • Particle Induced X-ray Emission • (PIXE)  elemental concentrations for Z>10 • goodsensitivity (MDL <1-10 ng/m3 ) • no sample preparationrequired • notdestructive • 2 newdetectors: no problemswith Teflon filterslikewith the traditional PIXE setups Simultaneous detection of all the elements that compose mineral dust (Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Sr, Zr) with high sensitivity

  5. AverageMinimumDetectionLimit (MDL)

  6. Results • PM10 concentrations • Spatial variation of major elements • Ratios between major elements • African dust episodes: time evolution and spatial coverage • Trace elements

  7. PM10 levels

  8. PM10 levels

  9. Sea salt (µg/m3) Marine load: Addition of Cl and the marine contribution of Na, Ca, Mg and K, estimated by their sea water ratios with respect to bulk Cl concentrations

  10. Sea salt Na/Cl- marine=0.6

  11. Sea salt Na2O/MgO marine: 7 Na/Mg marine: 8.4 Mg geochemical anomaly

  12. Mineral dust (µg/m3) 7,2 Mineral load: obtained by the addition of the SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 concentrations, and the dust contribution of Na2O, K2O, CaO and MgO after the subtraction of their marine contribution from the bulk concentrations

  13. Mineral affinity: SiO2/Al2O3 (ng/m3)

  14. SiO2/Al2O3 Illite Kaolinite

  15. Mineral affinity: Fe2O3 (ng/m3)

  16. Fe2O3/Al2O3

  17. Mixed affinity: K2O (ng/m3)

  18. K2O/Al2O3 Biomas combustion?? Illite Kaolinite

  19. Carbonate affinity: Ca (ng/m3)

  20. CaO/Al2O3 Anthropogenic influence?

  21. Sulphate Sulphates: calculated form the S concentration

  22. PM10 major components determined • AM01 • MD13 • SK06 • CH2 • DE44 • FR30 • GR02 • IT01 • ES1778 • IT04 • FR09 • IE31 • GB48 • SE12 14 13 12 5 2 11 3 4 10 1 6 9 8 7

  23. PM10 major components determined

  24. African dust episodes

  25. http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/

  26. Ratio CaO/Al2O3

  27. Trace metals: mineral affinity ng/m3

  28. Trace metals: fuel oil combustion ng/m3

  29. Trace metals: mixed origin

  30. Trace metals: coal combustion ng/m3

  31. Trace metals: traffic origin ng/m3

  32. Summary • Higher mineral load in southern and eastern countries • Mineral dust episodes may be attributed to different origins • Saharan dust is affecting south and some central European sites – but not eastern sites • Saharan dust: relative increase on SiO2 and Al2O3 and relative decrease on CaO, K2O and MgO • Metals: tracers of anthropogenic sources

  33. Thank youfor your attention!

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