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Attachments Formed as Adults

Attachments Formed as Adults. Tamara Arrington COM 252. John Bowlby & Mary Ainsworth. Bowlby was inspired by two children An affectionless child without a stable mother figure An anxious child who followed him around Ainsworth, M. & Bowlby, J. (1991).

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Attachments Formed as Adults

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  1. AttachmentsFormed as Adults Tamara Arrington COM 252

  2. John Bowlby & Mary Ainsworth

  3. Bowlby was inspired by two children An affectionless child without a stable mother figure An anxious child who followed him around Ainsworth, M. & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341. http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~hedlund/bol-ain.html Ainsworth was inspired by two undergraduate psychology courses at Univ. of Toronto Experimental Research Theory of Security Bowbly & Ainsworth

  4. Bowlby & Ainswroth • Bowlby and Ainsworth find evidence of the adverse effects on development attributable to a child’s lack of a mother figure. • Ainsworth, M. & Bowlby, J. (1991). • An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341. • http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~hedlund/bol-ain.html

  5. Bowlby & Ainswroth • 1950-1954 Bowlby finds his theory: • Attachments are as important in life as eating and sexual behavior, and are a major component to human behavior. He believes that separation anxiety occurs in the absence of an attachment figure. • Ainsworth, M. & Bowlby, J. (1991). • An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341. • http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~hedlund/bol-ain.html

  6. Bowlby & Ainsworth • 1954-1963 Ainsworth studied mothers and babies in several Uganda villages. • She discovered three different levels of attachment. • SECURELY ATTACHED • INSECURELY ATTACHED • NONATTACHED • Ainsworth, M. & Bowlby, J. (1991). • An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341. • http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~hedlund/bol-ain.html

  7. Bowlby &Ainsworth • So, how do researchers know what kind of attachments a particular child has? • The Strange Situation is a laboratory procedure used to assess infant attachment style. The procedure consists of eight episodes: • (Connell & goldsmith, 1982; ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). IN Attachment Theory – The “Strange Stiuation” http://www.personalityresearch.org/attachment/strange.html

  8. Bowlby & Ainsworth • The Strange Situation • 1.Parent and infant are introduced to the experimental room • 2. Parent and infant are alone. Parent does not participate while infant explores. • 3. Stranger enters, converses with parent, then approaches infant. Parent leaves inconspicuously.

  9. Bowlby & Ainsworth • The Strange Situation • 4. First separation episode: Stranger’s behavior is geared to the infant. • 5. First reunion episode: Parent greets and comforts infant, then leave again. • 6. Second separation episode: Infant is alone.

  10. Bolby & Ainsworth • 7. Continuation of second separationepisode; Stranger enters and gears behavior to the infant. • 8. Second reunion episode: parent enters, greets infant, and picks up infant; stranger leaves inconspicuously. • (Connell & Goldsmith, 1982; Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). IN Attachment Theory – The “Strange Stiuation” http://www.personalityresearch.org/attachment/strange.html

  11. Bowlby & Ainsworth • The Strange Situation • The infants behavior upon the parent’s return is the basis for classifying the infant into one of three attachment categories. • (Connell & Goldsmith, 1982; Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). IN Attachment Theory – The “Strange Stiuation” http://www.personalityresearch.org/attachment/strange.html

  12. Bowlby & Ainsworth • The Strange Situation studies showed that crying was a normal response by secure children. • Secure: When the mother would then pick the baby up, secure children would stop crying, and then look forward to explore. • Great Ideas In Personality. “Three Types of Attachements. http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~sengupta/attachment.html

  13. Bowlby & Ainsworth • Anxious/Ambivalent: The infants that were anxious/ambivalents would constantly cry, even after their mother had comforted them. • Great Ideas In Personality. “Three Types of Attachements. http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~sengupta/attachment.html

  14. Bowlby & Ainsworth • Avoidants: The infants that fell into the category of avoidants would not have any emotional response when their mother left, nor would they be affected when their mother returned. • Great Ideas In Personality. “Three Types of Attachements. http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~sengupta/attachment.html

  15. Attachment Theory • Keep in mind that it was in 1957 that Harry Harlow“began” his studies using rhesus monkeys.

  16. Bowlby & Ainsworth • According to the Attachment Theory explained in the article entitled An Ethological Approach to PersonalityDevelopment by John Bowlby & MaryAinsworth,personality development is based on the interaction of the child and the caregiver during infancy and earlychildhood . • Ainsworth, M. & Bowlby, J. (1991). • An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341. • http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~hedlund/bol-ain.html

  17. Bowlby & Ainsworth • Cont. from previous slide… • The theory takes into account real-life events concerning the relationship between a child and his or her mother • The following chart reference: • Ainsworth, M. & Bowlby, J. (1991). • An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46, 333-341. • http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~hedlund/bol-ain.html

  18. Developmentof Security

  19. Adult Attachments • Secure: These are people who had a loving childhood, and were well cared for by their mothers. Secure people do not avoid people, and at the same time, do not feel the need to constantly dependent on other people. • Great Ideas In Personality. “Three Types of Attachements. http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~sengupta/attachment.html

  20. Adult Attachments • Avoidants: These are people who have been constantly denied any physical contact by their mothers when they were infants. Avoidants tend to express behavior of detachment. • Great Ideas In Personality. “Three Types of Attachements. http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~sengupta/attachment.html

  21. Adult Attachments • Anxious/Ambivalent: These people who as infants had mothers who were slow and inconsistent to respond to their cries. Anxious/Ambivalents tend to express feelings of protest, and are very distrustful of others. • Great Ideas In Personality. “Three Types of Attachements. http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~sengupta/attachment.html

  22. Attachment Theory –Adult Love 62% ADULTS =SECURE 23% ADULTS= ANXIOUS/AMBIVALENT 15% ADULTS =AVOIDANT Great Ideas In Personality. “Three Types of Attachements. http://www.psych.nwu.edu/~sengupta/attachment.html

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