Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Shivani Patel

2. The Photosynthesis Equation

3. Cellular Respiration Equation

4. Notice Anything? • The photosynthesis equation is the cellular respiration equation, but backwards. • Photosynthesis makes the sugar. • Through cellular respiration, we turn in into energy. • All living things contain a form of glucose also known as sweet sugar. • “Glu” means sweet • “Cose” means sugar

5. Light • Light is important. Very important. • Light is a form of electromagnetic energy. • Green light is reflected. • Red and blue are mainly absorbed. • Primary colors are green, red, and blue. NOT yellow, magenta (red), and cyan (blue).

6. Chloroplast and Chlorophyll • Chloroplast has an important role. • It has chlorophyll that capture’s the sun’s rays. • Inside chloroplasts are thylakoids that are disc-like. • They trap the sun’s rays. • Chlorophyll is a chemical found inside the chloroplast giving its green pigment.

7. Process of Photosynthesis • It doesn’t happen overnight. • There are 2 main steps. • First- light dependent reaction (Calvin cycle) • It turns light into ATP • Second- light independent reaction– it doesn’t necessarily mean that it happens at night. • It happens when ATP is turned into glucose.

8. Cellular Respiration • How living organisms turn glucose into energy • There are byproducts like water and carbon dioxide. • Carbon dioxide is a waste. • CO2 mixes with water helping maintaining the blood’s pH (around 7.5). • Too much carbon dioxide causes to pH to lower, so CO2 has to leave on a continuous process.

9. Footnotes • Glucose: A simple, 6 carbon sugar that serves as the primary energy source • ATP (Adenosine triphosphate): The major energy currency of the cell. • NADH and FADH2: High energy electron carrier used to transport electrons generated in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle to the Electron Transport Chain.

10. Stages of Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Fermentation (ONLY FOR ANAEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION) • Krebs's Cycle A.K.A. Citric Acid Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

11. Glycolysis • The first stage is glycolysis in aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. • An easy way to think about it is splitting sugars. • It occurs in the cytoplasm. • It breaks glucose down to two pyruvic acid or pyruvate. This stage doesn’t require oxygen. • This stage requires 2 ATP and produces 4 ATP.

12. Fermentation • Aerobic? • Anaerobic? • Fermentation takes NADH to produce NAD+. • This stage makes nothing, no energy or ATP.

13. Krebs's Cycle A.K.A. Citric Acid Cycle • This step uses the pyruvic made in the glycolysis stage. • It produces ATP and several molecules of NADH AND FADH2. • This stage produces 2 ATP.

14. Electron Transport Chain • The chain is made using FADH2 AND NADH (made in the previous cycles). • The electron transport chain makes a proton gradient that makes the production of 34 ATP. • It takes place in the mitochondria matrix.

15. Review By the way, Cellular Respiration produces a total of 38 ATP.