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National and Regional Programs to Reduce Ozone Transport

Explore national and regional programs to reduce ozone transport in the Metropolitan Washington area, including the need for multipollutant controls, comparison of proposals, and timelines for reductions.

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National and Regional Programs to Reduce Ozone Transport

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  1. National and Regional Programs to Reduce Ozone Transport Metropolitan Washington Air Quality Committee April 27, 2005

  2. Outline • Background • Need for Multipollutant Controls • Approaches • Comparison of proposals • Timeline for reductions

  3. Background • EPA adopts Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). • Congressional and State legislative initiatives have stalled. • OTC developing regional strategy (CAIR Plus).

  4. Need for Multipollutant Controls • Large portions of the eastern US designated non-attainment for 8-hour ozone and fine particulate standards • For many regions, transport of NOx and sulfur dioxide (SO2) plays a large role in non-attainment • States need assistance to further reduce transport, and passage of multipollutant legislation is uncertain

  5. 8-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Areas in the United States Regional solutions required to reach attainment. Source: U.S. EPA

  6. Clean Air Interstate Rule 2-step regulatory approach reduces NOx and SO2 in 2009/2010, again in 2015 States submit SIPs outlining compliance method within 18 months of final rule Cap and trade implementation recommended but not required. States may issue permits. Discourages states from seeking additional federal help with transport relief

  7. Ozone Transport Commission Proposal Proposes NOx and SO2 reductions believed to be consistent with attainment of upcoming 8-hour and PM 2.5 standards Reductions are larger and occur earlier than in other proposals Supports cap and trade program Encourages addition of large industrial boilers to program

  8. Major Differences Size of Reductions Timing of Reductions Geographic scope

  9. Pollutants Addressed

  10. Summary of Pollutants Addressed Controls NOx SO2 Hg CO2 CAIR* OTC Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No * EPA has issued a separate Mercury Rule.

  11. Geographic Scope

  12. Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR): 28 states

  13. Ozone Transport Commission Strategy: National OTC Region = 13 States. OTC Proposed Cap = National.

  14. Comparison of Benefits

  15. Summary of Benefits Note: OTC = National Cap. CAIR = 28 States.

  16. Summary of Benefits Note: OTC = National Cap. CAIR = 28 States.

  17. Ozone and Particle Pollution: CAIR, together with other Clean Air Programs, Will Bring Cleaner Air to Areas in the East - 2010 Nonattainment areas for 8-hour ozone pollution only Nonattainment areas for fine particle pollution only . Nonattainment areas for both 8-hour ozone and fine particle pollution Ozone and Fine Particle Nonattainment Areas (April 2005) Projected Nonattainment Areas in 2010 after Reductions from CAIR and Existing Clean Air Act Programs 104 ozone nonattainment areas (408counties) 36 PM2.5 nonattainment areas with 195 counties 14 ozone nonattainment areas 19 PM2.5 nonattainment areas Projections concerning future levels of air pollution in specific geographic locations were estimated using the best scientific models available. They are estimations, however, and should be characterized as such in any description. Actual results may vary significantly if any of the factors that influence air quality differ from the assumed values used in the projections shown here. Source: EPA OAQPS.

  18. Ozone and Particle Pollution: CAIR, together with other Clean Air Programs, Will Bring Cleaner Air to Areas in the East - 2015 Nonattainment areas for 8-hour ozone pollution only Nonattainment areas for fine particle pollution only Nonattainment areas for both 8-hour ozone and fine particle pollution Ozone and Fine Particle Nonattainment Areas (April 2005) Projected Nonattainment Areas in 2015 after Reductions from CAIR and Existing Clean Air Act Programs 104 ozone nonattainment areas (408counties) 36 PM2.5 nonattainment areas with 195 counties 5 ozone nonattainment areas 14 PM2.5 nonattainment areas Projections concerning future levels of air pollution in specific geographic locations were estimated using the best scientific models available. They are estimations, however, and should be characterized as such in any description. Actual results may vary significantly if any of the factors that influence air quality differ from the assumed values used in the projections shown here. Source: EPA OAQPS.

  19. Timeline for Reductions

  20. OTC Phase I Reductions OTC Phase II Reductions CAIR Phase II Reductions 8-hour SIPs due Reduction Timeline CAIR Phase I SO2 Reductions CAIR Phase I NOx Reductions 2004 2007 2008 2010 2018 2019 2009 2012 2013 2015 Serious area attainment date Severe area attainment date 8-hour nonattainment designations Moderate area attainment date CAIR=Clean Air Interstate RuleOTC=Ozone Transport Commission Proposal

  21. For more information Websites • http://www.epa.gov/air/interstateairquality/index.html • http://www.epa.gov/mercury/actions.htm

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